Download Brushing - Home - KSU Faculty Member websites

• Many different designs have been
manufactured
• Patients usually uses brushes selected on
the basis of cost, availability, advertising
claims, family tradition, or habit
• Because of the variety in shapes, sizes,
textures, and other characteristics
• Dental professionals must become familiar
with the many available products to advise
patients appropriately
Characteristics of an effective
toothbrush
• Conforms to individual patient
requirements
• Easily and efficiently manipulated
• Is readily cleaned
• Is durable and inexpensive
• Flexible, soft, and of strength, rigidity and
lightness of the handle
• Has end rounded filaments or bristles
I. Influencing factors
• Patient
• Gingiva
• Position of teeth
• Shape of teeth and exposed roots
• Personal preferences
• Method selected
II. Toothbrush size and shape
Must be able to adapt to all facial,
lingual, palatal, and occlusal
surfaces for bacterial plaque
removal
III. Soft nylon brush
• More effective in cleaning the
cervical area
• Less traumatic to the gingival tissue
• Can be directed into the sulcus and
interproximal areas
• Applicable around fixed orthodontic
appliances
• Prevention of tooth abrasion
and/or gingival recession
• More effective use for sensitive
gingiva in severe gingivitis,
ANUG, or during healing stages
• Complete tooth brushing instruction for
patients involves teaching;
• What, when, where and how
• The grasp of the brush
• The sequence and amount of brushing
• Supplementary brushing for occlusal
surfaces and the tongue
• Effect from improper brushing
• Care of the tooth brushings
• The emphasis in patient education
should be placed on complete plaque
control rather than on number of
brushing
• At least two brushing with
interdental cleaning is recommended
for control of bacterial plaque and
halitosis prevention
• A night brushing before bed time
should be encouraged
• Sulcular:Bass
• Roll: Rolling stroke, modified
Stillman
• Vibratory:Stillman, Bass, Charters
• Circular
• Vertical
• Horizontal
• Scrub-brush
Purpose and indications
• For bacterial plaque removal
adjacent to and directly beneath the
gingival margin
• For open inter proximal areas,
cervical areas and exposed root
surfaces
• For adaptation to abutment teeth,
under the gingival border of a fixed
partial denture and orthodontic
appliances
Problems
• Change the very short strokes
into vigorous scrub that causes
injury to the gingival margin
• Dexterity requirement may be
too high for certain patients
• Two brushes for home use and a third
in a portable container for use at work
• Frequent replacement recommended
• Brushes should be replaced before
filaments become splayed, frayed or
lose resiliency
• Clean thoroughly after each use
• Brushes should be kept in open air with
head in an upright position, apart from
contact with other brushes.
Purpose and indications
• Cleaning gingiva and bacterial
plaque without emphasis on gingival
sulcus
• Meant for children
• Useful in preparatory instruction for
Modified Stillman method
Problems
• Brushing too high during initial
placement can lacerate the alveolar
mucosa
• Use too quickly results in no brushing
for the cervical third of the tooth
• Brush with filaments tip directed into
gingiva causes gingival laceration
Purpose and indications
• Bacterial plaque removal from
cervical areas and exposed proximal
surfaces
• General application for cleaning
tooth surfaces and massage of the
gingiva
Problems
• Without careful placement and using a
brush with end-rounded filaments, tissue
laceration can result.
• Light pressure is needed
• Patient may try to move the brush too
quickly and the vibratory effect may be
ineffective at the gingival margin
Purpose and indications
• Loosen debris and bacterial plaque
• Massage and stimulate marginal and
interdental gingiva
• Removes plaque from proximal
areas
• Adapt to cervical areas and to
exposed root surfaces
• Cleanse orthodontic appliance
Problems
• Brush end do not engage the gingival
sulcus to remove subgingival bacterial
plaque accumulation
• In some areas, the correct brush
placement is limited or impossible
• Requirements in digital dexterity are
high
• Electrical tooth brushes are equally
effective in removing plaque, prevent
calculus, and reduce the incidence of
gingivitis to the manual tooth
brushes
• The motion of the brush varies from
rotational, counter-rotational and
oscillating counter- rotational
• The speed varies from low to high
among the different models
Purpose and indications
• To facilitate mechanical bacterial
plaque removal
• Especially helpful for people who
lack the manual dexterity
• Patients with special dental
treatment
Problem areas
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Facially displaced teeth
Inclined teeth
Exposed roots
Overlapped teeth or wide embrasures
Surface of teeth next to edentulous area
Exposed furcation area
Right canine and lateral incisor
Distal surfaces of most posterior teeth
Objectives
• Loosen plaque microorganisms packed
in pits and fissures
• Removes plaque deposit from occlusal
surfaces of teeth out of occlusion or not
used during mastication
• Remove plaque from margins of
restorations
• Clean pits and fissures to prepare for
sealants
Total mouth cleanliness includes
tongue care
• Microorganisms of the tongue
• Effects of cleaning the tongue
• Brushing procedures
• Tongue scraper
• Acute oral inflammation or
traumatic lesion
• Following periodontal surgery
• Acute stage of ANUG
• Following dental extraction
• Following dental restoration
• Two brushes for home use and a third
in a portable container for use at work
• Frequent replacement recommended
• Brushes should be replaced before
filaments become splayed, frayed or
lose resiliency
• Clean thoroughly after each use
• Brushes should be kept in open air with
head in an upright position, apart from
contact with other brushes.