Download Judaism Christianity and Islam 090110

Judaism, Christianity
and Islam
People, Texts, Ideologies, and Places
Words to Know!
Abraham
Messiah
Torah
Synagogue
Jerusalem
Diaspora
Jesus
Bible
Monotheism
Catholic/Protestant
Church
Right Side
Mecca
Muslims/Islam
Muhammad
Caliph
The Quran
Sunni/Shia
Mosque
Monotheistic
Polytheistic
Ethnic group vs
Religious Group
► Ethnic
groups share many common
characteristics such as language,
physical features, customs, and
traditions
► Religious groups share a common
belief system but are not necessarily
composted of a single ethnic group.
Abraham, founded
the religion now
known as
Judaism, and his
descendants are the
Jewish people.
Judaism is a
monotheistic
religion based on
principles in the
Hebrew Bible, the
Torah.
Abraham
►
According to Jewish tradition, Abraham was born under the name Abram in the city
of Ur in Babylonia in the year 1948 from Creation (circa 1800 BCE). He was the son
of Terach, an idol merchant, but from his early childhood, he questioned the faith of
his father and sought the truth.
► He
believed the universe was the work of
a single Creator (Monotheistic).
Ancient Babylon
►
Abram tried to convince his father, Terach, of the folly of idol worship. One day,
when Abram was left alone to mind the store, he took a hammer and smashed all of
the idols except the largest one. He placed the hammer in the hand of the largest
idol. When his father returned and asked what happened, Abram said, "The idols got
into a fight, and the big one smashed all the other ones." His father said, "Don't be
ridiculous. These idols have no life or power. They can't do anything." Abram replied,
"Then why do you worship them?"
► According
to the story, God offered a
B’rit (convenant , agreement, or
contract with God). If Abraham
would leave his home and his family,
then God would make him a great
nation and bless him.
►
►
Abraham was subjected to ten tests of faith to prove his
part of the covenant. Leaving his home is one of these
tests.
Abraham, raised as a city-dweller, adopted a nomadic lifestyle, traveling
through what is now the land of Israel for many years. According to
the Torah God promised this land (present day Israel)
to Abraham's descendants (Present day Israel).
Interactive Notebook Questions
side)
► How
many gods did Abrahams father
worship; what is the term for multiple
gods?
(left
► Abraham
had a son, Ishmael, who,
according to both Muslim and Jewish
tradition, is the ancestor of the
Arabs. (Gen 16)
► Another of Abrahams’ sons Isaac was
the ancestor of the Jewish people.
Thus, the conflict between Arabs and Jews
can be seen as a form of sibling rivalry!
Abraham
Ishmael
Father of the Arabs
Isaac
Father of the Jews
► Slowly
Judaism spread through the Middle East.
►
►
In 2007, the world Jewish population was estimated at 13.2 million
people—41% of whom lived in Israel. In modern Judaism, central
authority is not vested in any single person or body, but in sacred texts,
traditions, and learned Rabbis who interpret those texts and laws.
The term Diaspora refers to the forced or voluntary dispersal of
any population sharing common ethnic identity to leave their
settled territory.
Jewish Holy Places
► Jerusalem
is the holyest place in Judaism.
Jerusalem is also a holy place for Christians and
Muslims.
►
It is mainly because of the destroyed Temple that Jerusalem has become so
important to Jewish identity. The only remaining part of it, the Western Wall, or
Wailing Wall is it is also called, is the holiest place on earth for Jews.
►
The second most important place is Hebron, Palestine, where Abraham was buried.
►
Mt. Sinai, where Moses received the covenant from God is also important to Jews.
The Western Wall in Jerusalem is a remnant of the
wall encircling the Second Temple. The Temple
Mount is the holiest site in Judaism.
Synagogue
►A
house of worship for Jews.
There is no standard
synagogue architecture. A typical synagogue contains an ark (where the
scrolls of the Law are kept), an "eternal light" burning before the ark, two
candelabra, and pews
Jesus in Judaism
► Jews
believe the Messiah has not yet
arrived.
► Jesus is accepted in Judaism as a
teacher, not the son of God.
Denominations
► Orthodox
Judaism
► Modern Orthodox Judaism
► Haredi Judaism
► Hasidic Judaism
► Conservative Judaism
► Reform Judaism
► Reconstructionist Judaism
► Jewish Renewal
► Humanistic Judaism
Hanukkah
►
also known as the Festival of Lights, is an eight day
Jewish holiday. The festival is observed in Jewish homes by the
kindling of lights on each of the festival's eight nights, one on the
first night, two on the second night and so on.
Spiritually, Hanukkah commemorates the "Miracle of the Oil". According to
the Talmud, at the re-dedication of the Temple in Jerusalem following the
victory of the Maccabees over the Seleucid Empire, there was only enough
consecrated oil to fuel the eternal flame in the Temple for one day.
Miraculously, the oil burned for eight days - which was the length of time it
took to press, prepare and consecrate new oil.
► Hanukkah is not mentioned in the Bible and was never considered a major
holiday in Judaism, but it has become much more visible and widely
celebrated in modern times, mainly because it falls around the same time
as Christmas and has national Jewish overtones that have been emphasized
since the establishment of the State of Israel.
►
Graphic Organizer (Right Side)
About Yeshua (Jesus):
Christians follow the teachings of Yeshua of Nazareth,
commonly referred to as Jesus Christ.
► Jesus is seen as the Messiah
► He was executed by the Roman occupying authorities in
Palestine (present day Israel).
► The Trinity consists of the Father, Son and Holy Spirit; three
separate persons, all eternal, all omnipresent, all omnipotent,
all beneficent, who form a single, unified deity
[Monotheistic].
►
Church history:
After Jesus' death, his followers
formed the Jewish Christian
movement, centered in Jerusalem.
One of Jesus' followers, Simon Peter,
may have headed the group. James,
who was either Jesus' brother, cousin,
or friend, took over leadership later.
They regarded themselves as a
reform movement within Judaism;
they continued to sacrifice at the
temple, follow Jewish kosher food
laws, etc.
►
The Protestant Reformation in the 16th century led to a
split within Christianity. The Protestant movement further
fragmented into what is now thousands of individual
denominations and groups of denominations.
►
Pope-Human leader of the Catholic Church.
Modern Christianity
Catholic
Protestant
Roman Catholic
Baptist
Orthodox Catholic
Methodist
Eastern Orthodox
Presbyterian
And so on…
Christian Holy Places
► Jerusalem
is believed to be the site of some
of Jesus' teaching, the Last Supper, as well as his
►
►
entombment; Christians believe He was crucified on a nearby hill,
Golgotha (sometimes called Calvary). It contains the Church of the
Holy Sepulcher and the Church of All Nations.
Bethlehem is the birthplace of Jesus.
Nazareth is Jesus' hometown
► Christians
meet in a place of worship known
as a Church.
► What
other religions also considers Jerusalem to
be a holy city?
Graphic Organizer (Right Side)
Christianity
Islam/Muslim
Texts=Torah+Bible----Quran
Figures=Jesus
Mohammad
God-----------Allah
Ideas=
10 Commandments
5 Pillars
1. Which of the following is a true statement:
A. All Arabs are Muslims
B. All Muslims are Arabs
C. Iran is an Arab country
D. None of the above
1. Which of the following is a true statement:
A. All Arabs are Muslims
B. All Muslims are Arabs
C. Iran is an Arab country
D. None of the above
2. During prayer a Muslim should face:
A. Mecca
B. Islamabad
C. Jerusalem
D. Washington, DC
2. During prayer a Muslim should face:
A. Mecca
B. Islamabad
C. Jerusalem
D. Washington, DC
 Muslims are strict monotheists.
They believe in the Judeo-Christian God,
which they call Allah.


Muslims believe that the Torah
and the Bible, like the Qur’an,
is the word of God.
114
suras (chapters).
Written
in Arabic.
Important People in Islam
Adam
Noah
Abraham
Moses
Jesus
Muhammad
The Origins of Islam
Muhammad-born
Abraham.
in Mecca in 571, descendent of
Muhammad
spoke to the angel Gabriel, spread
the word of Allah. Muhammad is not the messiah!
Muhammad’s
revelations were compiled into the
Qur’an after his death.
Caliph-Spiritual
leader of Islam
Viewpoint of Jesus
Jesus
the
is a prophet but not the son of Allah (GOD).
Qur'an emphasizes that Jesus was a mortal man
who, like other prophets, had been divinely chosen to
spread God's message. While Jesus is still considered
to be the Messiah in Islam, the role is diminished.
While the messiah will return to earth
Islam by the death of Mohammed 632
732, 100 Yrs after Mohammed
The 'Five Pillars' of Islam
The framework for Muslim life. Essential practices
1. The declaration of faith:
• "There is no deity but God, and Muhammad is the
messenger of God"
2. Prayer:
• Five obligatory prayers each day.
* dawn * noon * late afternoon * sunset
* before going to bed
•Wash before praying
•Face Mecca and use a
prayer rug.
The 'Five Pillars' of Islam
►
3.Zakat:
►Obligatory charitable giving.
►Wealth belong to God and it is held in trust by
humans.
►Zakat, or, "purification" by setting aside a portion
(2.5%) for the needy
 4.Fasting:
►From sunrise to sunset during the holy month of
Ramadan
The 'Five Pillars' of Islam
 5.Pilgrimage:
►A pilgrimage (Hajj) to Mecca, Arabia. Only
those who can.
Must be done at least once in a Muslim’s lifetime.
► 2-3 million Muslims make the pilgrimage every year.
►
Graphic Organizer (Right Side)
Christianity
Islam/Muslim
Tests=Torah+Bible----Quran
Figures=Jesus-----------Muhammad
God-------------AKA-Allah
Ideas=
10 Commandments
Jihad and the Conduct of War
• Islam is not addicted to war, and jihad is not one of its "pillars”
• Jihad in Arabic does not mean "holy war”. It means "struggle” or “strive”.
• It is the difficult effort needed to put God's will into practice at every level
Relation with other Faiths
• Like the Torah, the Quran permits retaliation eye for eye, tooth for tooth.
But, like the Gospels, it says “it is meritorious to forgo revenge in a spirit of charity
(5: 45)
• Acknowledges Adam, Noah, Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, Joseph, Moses,
David, Solomon, Zacharia, Jesus, John the paptist, and others as the “the good
prophets of God”
• A special place for Jesus and Mary (e.g., 3:45,46; 4:156-158; 19:1-98)
• Accepts that Mary’s conception is from God’s soul.
• Rejects the divinity of Jesus (no trinity).
• Jesus was not killed (e.g., 4:155-159; 5:17-19)
Sunni and Shia(Shiite) Split
Like many other religions the Islamic faith is divided between two separate groups (the
Sunni and the Shia). Approx 90% of muslims are Sunnis.
Shias are Muslims who follow Ali, Muhammad’s closet relative. Ali was Muhammad’s
cousin And was married to his daughter. After Muhammad died, Muslims split over
The Sunnis
wanted the Community to choose the best leader
to succeed Muhammad, while the Shia favored Ali,
feeling that leadership should stay within the
prophet’s family.
Who would succeed Muhammad as leader of Islam.
*Most Iranians are Shia muslims.
Sunni and Shia Split
Three holiest cities in Islam: Mecca, Medina,
Jerusalem.
Mount Moriah Rock
where Muhammad ascended into heaven.
Interactive Notebook Questions
(left side)
► How
does sharing Jerusalem as a holy
city in each of the major religions in the
area cause conflict?
Graphic Organizer (Right Side)
Christianity
Islam/Muslim
Tests=Torah+Bible----Quran
Figures=Jesus-----------Muhammad
God-------------AKA-Allah
Ideas=
10 Commandments
Holy Place=
Jerusalem----------Mecca
Ideas
5 Pillars
So who’s religious site is it?
The Dome of the Rock is one of the holiest sites in Islam. Its significance is
from the religious beliefs regarding the rock at its center. According to Islamic
tradition, the rock is the spot from where Muhammad ascended to Heaven
accompanied by the angel Gabriel.
The stone hillside over which the Muslim shrine was built is also the holiest site
in Judaism. Just as Muslims pray towards the Kaaba in Mecca, the holiest site
in Islam, Jews pray towards the site of the the Foundation Stone, the holiest
site in Judaism.
In Christianity it is called the Church of the Holy Wisdom.
Mecca, Saudi Arabia
The Ka'aba (literally "the cube" in Arabic) is an ancient stone structure that was built
and re-built by prophets as a house of monotheistic worship. It is located inside the
Grand Mosque in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. The Ka'aba is considered the center of the
Muslim world, and is a unifying focal point for Islamic worship.
House of Worship= Mosque
Islamic public place of prayer.
Mosques are the centre of
community worship and the site of Friday prayer services. Essentially an open space,
usually roofed, with a minaret sometimes attached. Statues and pictures are not
permitted as decoration. The minaret, originally any elevated place but now usually a
tower, is used by the muezzin (crier) to proclaim the call to worship five times each day.
During prayer, Muslims orient themselves toward the qiblah wall, which is invariably
oriented toward the Ka'bah in Mecca. The mosque has traditionally been the centre of
social, political, and educational life in Islamic societies.
Graphic Organizer (Right Side)
Christianity
Islam/Muslim
Tests=Torah+Bible----Quran
Figures=Jesus-----------Muhammad
God-------------AKA-Allah
Building=
Church
Building=
Mosque
Ideas=
10 Commandments
Holy Place=
Jerusalem----------Mecca
Ideas
5 Pillars
Activating Activity #1
(Left Side)
List the differences between Judaism,
Christianity, and Islam
Summarizing Activity #1
(Left Side)
List the following for Judaism:
Holy Text
Holy place of Worship
Holy City
Role of Jesus
Summarizing Activity #2
(Left Side)
List the following for Christianity:
Holy Text
Holy place of Worship
Holy City
Role of Jesus
Summarizing Activity #3
(Left Side)
List the following for Islam:
Holy Text
Holy place of Worship
Holy City
Role of Jesus
Bibliography
Islam's Sunni-Shiite split. Dan Murphy | Staff writer of The Christian Science
Monitor
http://www.csmonitor.com/2007/0117/p25s01-wome.html
•Rich, T. R., The Patriarchs and the Origins of Judaism,
http://www.jewfaq.org/origins.htm, August 19, 2007
•http://www.jesuswalk.com/abraham/1_call.htm, August 19, 2007
•http://www.starbeck.com/judaism.html
•http://prophetess.lstc.edu/~rklein/Documents/mblb.htm August 13, 2008
•http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00maplinks/overview/sunnishia/sunnis
hia.html September 1, 2010