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Religion
• Religion is belief in a god or gods and the
activities that are connected with this belief,
such as prayer or worship in a church or
temple.
• How many religions do you know? What
are they?
• Do you have faith in a religion?
• What kind of life do you expect to lead? /
What is the purpose in life?
• Do we have another form of existence
after we die?
• Do you want to be immortal?
World Major Religions
Judaism
Christianity
Islam
Hinduism
Buddhism
Polytheism and Monotheism
Polytheism: such as ancient Greek and Roman religion
Monotheism: such as Judaism, Christianity, Islam
Judaism
• religious culture of the Jews (also known
as the people of Israel); one of the world’s
oldest continuing religious traditions. It
has a history of more than 3,000 years.
• Torah (Old testament )
• Talmud (body of Jewish civil and religious
law, including commentaries on the Torah)
Bible
• Bible, also called the Holy Bible, the sacred book
or Scriptures of Judaism and of Christianity.
• The Bible of Judaism and the Bible of
Christianity are different.
• The Jewish Bible is the Hebrew Scriptures, 39
books originally written in Hebrew, except for a
few sections in Aramaic.
• The Christian Bible is in two parts, the Old
Testament and the 27 books of the New
Testament.
Torah Case
• This ornate Torah case
contains a handwritten
parchment scroll of the
Torah, or Pentateuch, for
reading before a
congregation in a
synagogue. Of Persian
origin, the case is now at
the Jewish Museum in
New York City.
Ancestors of Mankind
•
•
•
•
Creation
Garden of Eden
Temptation
Punishment
The fall of mankind
• Cain and Abel
Noah’ ark
•
Abraham or Abram
• biblical patriarch, progenitor of the
Hebrews, who probably lived in the period
between 2000 and 1500 bc.
• Abraham(100) and Sarai, or Sarah---Isaac
Circumcision
• Hagar (86)---Ishmael--is regarded by
Muslims, who call him Ibrahim, as an
ancestor of the Arabs through Ishmael.
Exodus
• Moses
• Hebrew prophet and lawgiver and founder
of Israel, or the Jewish people.
• At that time the Hebrews lived in Egypt
and were oppressed by the Egyptian ruler,
Pharaoh.
• Commanded by Yahweh
• Mount Sinai
The Ten Commandments
• 1. I am the LORD your God who brought you out of the Land of
Egypt ... You shall have no other gods before me (Exodus 20:2-3)
• 2. You shall not make an image (Ex.20:4-6)
• 3. You shall not take the name of the LORD your God in vain
(Exodus 20:7)
• 4. Remember the Sabbath (Exodus 20:8-11)
• 5. Honor your father and your mother (Exodus 20:12)
• 6. Do not murder (Exodus 20:13)
• 7. Do not commit adultery (Exodus 20:13)
• 8. Do not steal (Exodus 20:13)
• 9. Do not swear falsely against your neighbor (Exodus 20:13)
• 10. Do not desire your neighbor's house, wife, or servant (Exodus
20:14)
David (king) (?-961 bc)
• king (1000-961 bc) of Judah and Israel,
founder of the Judean dynasty.
• Defeat Philistine giant Goliath
• David had selected Solomon, his son by
Bathsheba, as heir to the throne.
Michelangelo’s David
• One of
Michelangelo’s best
known creations is
the sculpture David
(1501-1504). The
5.17-m (17-ft) tall
marble statue shows
an alert David waiting
for his enemy Goliath.
Solomon
• Solomon succeeded his father despite the
claims of Adonijah, his older half brother.
• He kept the united kingdom largely intact,
strengthened its fortifications, and made
alliances not only with Tyre, but also with
several other nations surrounding Israel.
• his reputation for wisdom
• Offended God for his having 700 wives
and 300 concubines, so separated Isreal
Touro Synagogue
• The Touro Synagogue in
Newport, Rhode Island,
was built between 1759
and 1763 using the
colonial style common to
most churches of that
time. Touro is the oldest
synagogue in the United
States.
Rabbi (Hebrew, “my master”),
• honorary title of the Jewish masters of the
Law. It was in use at the time of Jesus
Christ, who was himself addressed as
such. The title is still maintained, though
not strictly, as the official designation of
Jewish ministers.
• The rabbi was at once student, interpreter,
and teacher of the Torah.
Western Wall
Biblical archaeologists believe that the Western Wall in Jerusalem, also known as
the Wailing Wall, is all that remains of the Second Temple, which was destroyed in
ad 70.
celebrations
• Passover, important Jewish festival
commemorating the exodus of the
Hebrews from Egypt and their safe flight
across the Red Sea.
Passover Meal
Christianism
• Christianity presented itself as “new,” not
in the sense of novel and brand-new, but
in the sense of continuing and fulfilling
what God had promised to Abraham, Isaac,
and Jacob.
The story of Jesus
• Son of a Jewish
carpenter Joseph and
Mary
• Born in Bethlehem
Beginning of his ministry
• Baptized in the
Jordan River by by
John.
• The miracles.
The last days
Trial and crucifixion
• Christ on the Cross
• After allowing the Jews to
choose whether or not
Jesus should die, Pontius
Pilate condemned him to
death. Jesus was forced
to carry his own cross to
Golgotha, where he was
crucified. Christ on the
Cross was painted by
Flemish artist Peter Paul
Rubens in 1620,
ascension
A question
• How do you understand the death of
Jesus? Why he could save others but not
himself? Do you think his life is a failure?
East-West schism
• 1054 Roman Catholic church and
Orthodox church
• 16th century Reformation
– Protestants
– Puritans
Islam
• In the Arabic language, the word Islam
means “surrender” or “submission”—
submission to the will of God.
• A follower of Islam is called a Muslim,
which in Arabic means “one who
surrenders to God.”
• The Arabic name for God, Allah, the God,
refers to the God worshiped by Jews and
Christians.
Muhammad
• Muhammad was born in Mecca around the year
AD 570. He was orphaned at six.
• concerned about the polytheism and
superstitions of the Meccans and other Arabs
• became familiar with the teachings of the Jews,
accepting the person of Christ
• Around 610, he claimed to have received a
visitation from the angel Gabriel, who told him he
was the messenger of God.
Dome of Rock
Muslims believe that the Qur’an is an infallible transcription of God’s
message to Muhammad. As the messenger of God and seal of the
prophets, Muhammad was charged with the responsibility of relaying
this message to all believers.
Five pillars
•
•
•
•
•
profession of faith (shahada) 念功,
prayer (salat), 拜功
fasting (sawm), 斋功
almsgiving (zakat), 天课
pilgrimage (hajj). 朝功
Kaaba(Mecca) Muslim legend teaches that the ancient
religious patriarchs Abraham and Ishmael built the shrine
using foundations first laid by Adam.
Mosque
• Difference and similarities between three
religions
Religions Judaism
Major
factors
Christianit Islam
y
Number of
followers
17million
1.9billion
1billion
Original
place
Israel
Israel
Mecca
Original
time
Several
thousand
years ago
1thA.D
7th A.D
Influence
area
North
Europe and
America, the America
Middle East,
Europe
North
America, the
Middle East,
Indonesia
Spiritual
Head
Abraham
Moses
Jesus Christ
Muhammad
Holy books
Torah
The Bible
Koran
Religions Judaism
Major
factors
Christianity
Islam
Important
rituals
Study Torah, Prayer,
circumcision sacrament,
Prayer,
Baptism,etc
celebrate
holy days,
dietary
practice, etc
Five times
prayer a day,
fasting,
pilgrimage
to Mecca at
least once in
life,
Holy place
Jerusalem
Jerusalem
Mecca,
Jerusalem
Major
concept
God, life is
holy,
Community,
Covenant,
Ten
Commandm
ents
Trinity, Jesus
Christ is the
son of God,
the
connection
between
God and
man,
original sin
Allah,
submission
to God’s will,
Muhammad
is God’s
messenger,
five pillars
Religion
Major
factors
Judaism
Christianity
Islam
Salvation
Messiah will
unite Israel
and lead it to
the kingdom
of God,
individual
effort can
hasten the
coming of
Messiah
Free gift to
all who will
accept Jesus
Christ as
their savior
Salvation is
based on
work
through
implementin
g the five
pillars in life
God’s nature Dictator,
revengeful,
desperate
Seek human Compassion
beings,
ate, merciful
representativ
e of love
On sin
Every one
has sinned
Disobey
God’s will
Religion
Major
factors
Judaism
Christianity
Islam
After life
Kingdom of
God
Resurrection, Paradise,
heaven
Eden
Key words
Chosen
people
faith
Submission
Interesting Points
----God approaches man first both in Judaism and Christianity, in
Judaism through offering privilege to the Jews, in Christianity by
being more human
-----In Islam, God seems to resume the authority
-----Koran is to confirm the previous scriptures and to bring people
of the book back to the right path
Similarities
----all believe in one God
----believe for the afterlife
----require compassion and love towards each other
----woman is submissive to men
Major conflicts
Who is Jesus Christ?
The city of Jerusalem should belong to whom?
Quiz
1. Among Christianity, Islam and Judaism, which one is the oldest?
2. According to Islam, who is Jesus Christ?
3. Who founded Judaism?
4. Baptism is a ritual in which of the three religions?
5. What is the holy city claimed by all three religions?
6. Christianity was originated around what time?
7. Muhammad is the founder of which religion?
8. Ten Commandments are the doctrine of which religion?
9. Which religion is believed to be the religion of the Chosen People
10. What is the major symbol of Christianity?