Download Arts/Architecture

By: Abby Flaxer, Brittany Kamson
and Maddie Zide
JUDAISM
The development and spread of Judaism from
1800B.C.E. to 1949 C.E.
JEWISH HOLIDAYS
Rosh Hashanah:
symbolized with
honey and apples
for a sweet new
year.
The Jewish
star
Matzah and wine; the
common food eaten
during Passover.
JEWISH TRADITIONS
Jewish wedding
chair and napkin
ceremony
During a bar/bat
mitzvah, young adults
begin to observe
commandments.
Only Kosher foods
can be eaten.
WHERE CAN JUDAISM BE FOUND?
Flag of Israel
Map of Israel
CHRONOLOGY
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1800 BCE- Time of Abraham and Sarah
587 BCE- King Nebuchadnezzar takes over Palestine and makes
the Jews slaves
539 BCE- Cyrus takes over Palestine and frees the Jews
500 BCE- The idea of a messiah develops
450 BCE- Torah begins to become recognized as scripture
424 BCE- Megillah written
332 BCE- Alexander the Great takes over and recognizes Judaism
as a religion. During the Hellinization period, the Jewish
community in Alexandria develops to create a separation between
liberal and conservative Jews
201 BCE- Prophets begins to become recognized as scripture
70 CE- Start of the exile (Diaspora)
117-114- Jews revolt against Rome, resulting in the destruction of
The Great Synagogue, the Great Library in Alexandria, and the
Jewish community in Cyprus
CHRONOLOGY (CONT.)
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500- Ostrogoth king Theodoric says that Jews can live safely in
Italy
1492- Jews expelled from Spain by Ferdinand and Isabella
1497- Jews expelled from Portugal
1800s- Orthodox and Reform Judaism begins
1900s- Conservative Judaism begins
1910- Jews granted full equality in Spain
1938- Holocaust begins
1948- Modern state of Israel founded
Middle East(Mizrachi)
Political
Intellectual
•Monarchy, King David and Solomon •Medicine and philosophy flourished
of Israel
•Served as advisors to the elite class
Religion
•Yeshivas
•The celebration of the liberation of
ancient Iranian Jews around 536
B.C.E. is celebrated in the festival
Purim
Arts/Architecture
•Menorah
•Drawing and sculpting was against
the second amendment
•Western Wall in the Old city of
Jerusalem, part of the first temple
destroyed in 70 C.E.
•Jewish temple
Technology
•Hebrew writing system
•Babylonian Talmud created in 6th
century
Economy
•Spoke Judeo-Arabic, a mix of
Hebrew and local Arabic
•Participated in commerce
Society
•Were citizens of the second-class
Western Europe(Sephardic)
Political
•Had administrative control the affairs
of their communities
•Had a court system and rabbis served
as judges
Intellectual
•Contributed to the botany, geography,
medicine, mathematics, poetry and
philosophy of Spain
•Had a secular education
Religion
•During Passover, they may eat rice,
corn, peanuts and beans
•They celebrate the Jewish expulsion
from Spain in 1492 with the holiday
Tisha B’Av
Arts/Architecture
•Menorah
•Passover Sedar plate
•Synagogue
Technology
•Hebrew writing system
Economy
•Spoke Ladino, a blend of Hebrew and
Spanish
•Economic expansion was unequalled
Society
•Spoke Ladino, a blend of Hebrew and
Spanish
•Wore the clothing style of Moorish
neighbors except they weren’t allowed to
wear fur or silk
•Became poorer in 18th century
Eastern Europe(Ashnezic)
Political
•Had an independent, self-governing body for
every city
•Had laws made by elected board and judicial
courts. Elected board of trustees to look over
education, set up taxes and deal with other areas
of life
•Renaissance and religious wars in late 16th
century
Intellectual
•Boys older than 13 learned Talmudic and
rabbinic texts.
•Education was usually oral discussion
•In the 10th century, began focusing on biblical
and Talmudic studies
Religion
•Focused on Jewish sources, ideas and customs
instead of following outside influences
•During Passover, not allowed to eat peanuts,
corn, beans and rice
Arts/Architecture
•Menorah
•Passover Sedar plate
•Jewish “church” is called a shul
Technology
•Hebrew writing system
Economy
•First pioneers of commerce in 10th and 11th
century for Ashnezic Jews because of
connections with the Mediterranean and the
East
•Spoke Yiddish
•Were craftsman and artisans. Also owned
vineyards and made wine.
Society
•Lived in small towns were majority of people
were Jewish
•Jews were largely middle class
CHANGE OVER TIME
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As Jews started to become influential, leaders of empires and empires
(Nebuchadnezzar, Ferdinand, Romans) realized that they were gaining too
much power and punished them. As time went on, the punishment went
from destroying their culture in the area to completely exiling them from
the country.
More and more works started to become recognized as important scripture
As time goes on, the founding ideas start to develop even more. It starts
with simply believing in one god (monotheism), adds the idea that one day
the messiah will come, and then finally adds the rules and regulations that
are in place today (such as the laws of keeping kosher).
From the time of the Orthodox movement to the Reform movement, the
ideas of Judaism became less strict.
From the time of the Reform movement to the Conservative movement, the
ideas became more strict. However, this does not mean that the whole
religion changed. It simply meant that new sects were created and people
were free to choose which sect represented their beliefs the best.
As time progressed, people became more accepting of the Jews and no
longer exiled them
COMPARISONS
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The Sephardic Jews of western Europe had less segregation and
oppression with non-Jews than the Ashkenazic Jews of eastern
Europe did. The Ashkenazic Jews had tension with Christians and
they were isolated from their non-Jewish neighbors. There was
also a separation with the Jews of Spain from non-Jews.
The Sephardic Jews have different pronunciations of certain
consonants and vowels than the Ashkenazic Jews.
The prayers for the Sephardic and the Ashkenazic Jews are
slightly different and they also have different melodies for songs in
their services.
All Jewish people had a building where everyone came together
for religious purposes. For different types of Jews were different
names for this building like synagogue, shul or temple.
The Jews lived in separate courters in Spain and in eastern
Europe. In Spain , the areas the Jewish lived in were called
aljamas while in eastern Europe they were called shetls.
COMPARISONS (CONT.)
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The Sephardic Jews were greatly influenced by the
Muslims and had Arabic prayers instead of Hebrew or
Spanish prayers. They washed their hands and feet
before entering a synagogue which is also another
custom they borrowed.
World War II affected the Jewish in Europe, though
mostly in Eastern Europe near Germany and Poland.
There were similar wars in other areas with Jewish
people. The Jews were exiled out of Spain and also
out of Israel.
One of the main differences between the Sephardic
and the Ashkenazic Jews was the food eaten during
Passover. The Sephardic Jews were allowed to eat
beans, rice, corn and peanuts while the Ashkenazic
Jews were not.
USES IN THE WORLD TODAY
Many of the religious holidays are still observed
in 2010 including; Rosh Hashanah (Jewish New
Year), Yom Kippur (fasting), Hanukah (Jewish
“Christmas”), and Passover.
 Traditions such as the veil being placed over a
brides head is still in remembrance of the
marriage of Rebecca and Isaac.
 Bar and Bat mitzvahs are still used as a coming
of age ceremony.
 Kosher is still used today. Meat and dairy cannot
touch and separate dishes must be used if both
are being served.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Histo
ry/Jerusalem.html
 http://www.jewfaq.org/toc.htm
 http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Judai
sm/Ashkenazim.html
 http://www.jewish-art.org/ancient-jewishart.html
 ttp://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/cultural/religion/ju
daism/history.html
 http://uwacadweb.uwyo.edu/religionet/er/judaism/
index.htm
 http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Judai
sm/Sephardim.html
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http://www.jewfaq.org/kashrut.htm
 http://www.myjewishlearning.com/history/Jewish
_World_Today/Jews_Around_the_Globe/Mizrahi_
Jews.shtml
 http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Histo
ry/Jerusalem.html
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WHO DID WHAT
Maddie Zide: Images, and uses in the world today
 Abby Flaxer: Chronology, and Change over time
 Brittany Kamson: P.I.R.A.T.E.S, Compare
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