Download Holt McDougal, Holt McDougal

The Early Hebrews
The Big Idea
Originally desert nomads, the Hebrews established a great
kingdom called Israel.
Main Ideas
• Abraham and Moses led the Hebrews to Canaan and to a
new religion.
• Strong kings united the Israelites to fight off invaders.
• Invaders conquered and ruled the Hebrews after their
kingdom broke apart.
• Some women in Hebrew society made great contributions
to their history.
Holt McDougal,
Holt McDougal,
• The pharaoh of
Egypt made the
Hebrews slaves to
stop them from
taking over Egypt.
• A leader named
Moses demanded
that the pharaoh
free his people.
• He refused, and
plagues occurred,
frightening the
pharaoh.
Holt McDougal,
• His people were
released, so they
began their
Exodus out of
Egypt.
• They included
worshipping
only God and
valuing human
life.
• God then gave
Moses the Ten
Commandments
at Mt. Sinai by
which to live.
• The Hebrews
reached Canaan
and settled there
in small
communities, as
the Israelites.
Holt McDougal,
Holt McDougal,
Holt McDougal,
Holt McDougal,
Holt McDougal,
Holt McDougal,
Jewish Beliefs and Texts
The Big Idea
The central ideas and laws of Judaism are contained in
sacred texts such as the Torah.
Main Ideas
• Beliefs in God, education, justice, and obedience anchor
Jewish society.
• Jewish beliefs are listed in the Torah, the Hebrew Bible,
and the Commentaries.
• The Dead Sea Scrolls reveal many past Jewish beliefs.
• The ideas of Judaism have helped shape later cultures.
Holt McDougal,
Holt McDougal,
Holt McDougal,
Holt McDougal,
Holt McDougal,
Holt McDougal,
Holt McDougal,
Holt McDougal,
Holt McDougal,
Holt McDougal,
Holt McDougal,
Holt McDougal,
Holt McDougal,
Holt McDougal,
Holt McDougal,
Holt McDougal,
The Torah
• This is a
collection of five
books that make
up the most
sacred text in
Judaism.
• Nearly every
synagogue has
one.
The Hebrew
Bible
• This is made up
of the Torah, the
Proverbs, and
the Book of
Psalms.
• It is also made
up of eight books
that describe the
messages of the
prophets.
Holt McDougal,
The
Commentaries
• Because some
laws are hard to
understand,
scholars wrote
commentaries to
explain them.
• They can be
found in the
Talmud.
Holt McDougal,
Holt McDougal,
Judaism over the Centuries
The Big Idea
Although they were forced out of Israel by the Romans,
shared beliefs and customs helped Jews
maintain their religion.
Main Ideas
• Revolt, defeat, and migration led to great changes in
Jewish culture.
• Because Jews settled in different parts of the world, two
cultural traditions formed.
• Jewish traditions and holy days celebrate their history and
religion.
Holt McDougal,
Holt McDougal,
Holt McDougal,
Holt McDougal,
Hanukkah
Passover
• This holiday honors
the rededication of
the Second Temple.
• This is a time for
Jews to remember
the Exodus.
• It is celebrated by
lighting candles in
a menorah.
• They eat only flat
bread and have a
ritual meal called
the seder.
• The eight days
represent the
amount of time the
oil burned during
the rededication.
Holt McDougal,
High Holy Days
• The first two days,
Rosh Hashanah,
celebrate the
beginning of the
Jewish new year.
• On Yom Kippur, the
most holy day,
they fast all day
and ask God for
forgiveness of their
sins.