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Health consequences Short and long term Physical and Psychological trauma Health consequences Individuals Accessible and non-discriminatory health care Physical, psychological and sexual abuse Health Sector “I feel like they’ve taken my smile and I can never have it back.” Lithuanian woman trafficked to London Main health issues • Violence prior and during trafficking: story of abuse prior to being trafficked was prevalent • Physical health symptoms: headaches, fatigue, weight loss, neurological, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular symptoms, back pain, etc. Stolen Smiles, The LSHTM, 2006 Daphne Main health issues • Sexual and reproductive health symptoms: pelvic pain, vaginal discharge and STIs including HIV • Mental health symptoms: posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety and hostility Stolen Smiles, The LSHTM, 2006 Daphne Main health issues • Substance abuse • Risky health behaviour Main SRH health issues • Risk of STIs and their complications (PID, chronic pelvic pain, ectopic pregnancy, infertility) • Risk of unwanted pregnancy • Sexual health implications • Risk of cervical cancer? WHO work in addressing health consequences of trafficking WHO Ethical and safety recommendations for interviewing trafficked women • Collaboration with IOM on Guidelines for Health Providers on Trafficking in Persons (to be released) • Different programmes involved: Sexual and reproductive health, Gender, Violence and injuries 2007 www.who.int/gender/documents/ 2003