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LESSON 17.3
Dissociative, Schizophrenic, and
Personality Disorders
OBJECTIVES
 Define dissociative disorders and identify the
various types.
 Define schizophrenia and its causes.
 Define personality disorders and identify the
various types.
PSYCHOLOGY
A Discovery Experience
© South-Western | Cengage Learning
Chapter 17 Slide 1
Dissociative Disorders
Dissociative disorders are
psychological disorders in which
conscious awareness becomes
separated (dissociated) from previous
memories, including one’s identity.
Dissociative amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Dissociative identity disorder
PSYCHOLOGY
A Discovery Experience
© South-Western | Cengage Learning
Chapter 17 Slide 2
Dissociative Amnesia
Dissociative amnesia is a dissociative
disorder involving a sudden loss of
memory of identity and/or other personal
information.
It is thought this is a reaction to an
intolerable experience. i.e. abuse in any
form, witnessing a brutal crime or
causing someone else great harm or
even death.
PSYCHOLOGY
A Discovery Experience
© South-Western | Cengage Learning
Chapter 17 Slide 3
Dissociative Fugue
Dissociative fugue is a dissociative
disorder in which people suddenly leave
their familiar surroundings and assume
a new identity without remembering their
real identity.
PSYCHOLOGY
A Discovery Experience
© South-Western | Cengage Learning
Chapter 17 Slide 4
Dissociative Identity Disorder
 Dissociative identity disorder (DID) is a
dissociative disorder characterized by the
presence of two or more identities or
personalities, which take turns controlling the
person’s behavior.
 Commonly known as multiple personality
disorder
 This is extremely rare. When it is real the
personalities are very distinct, with their own
names, memories, mannerisms and speaking
voices. They even have different IQ’s.
PSYCHOLOGY
A Discovery Experience
© South-Western | Cengage Learning
Chapter 17 Slide 5
Causes of Dissociative Disorders
Undetected brain problem
Extreme emotional stress
PSYCHOLOGY
A Discovery Experience
© South-Western | Cengage Learning
Chapter 17 Slide 6
Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is a psychological
disorder characterized by severe
problems in thinking, including
hallucinations, delusions, or loose
associations.
They are out of touch with reality and
said to be psychotic.
PSYCHOLOGY
A Discovery Experience
© South-Western | Cengage Learning
Chapter 17 Slide 7
Schizophrenia
 People with schizophrenia usually suffer from
hallucinations, false sensory perceptions
which usually are manifested by hearing
voices that are not really there.
 They also frequently have delusions- which
are false beliefs about reality with no factual
basis. Typically the delusions are paranoid
and they think someone is out to get them.
PSYCHOLOGY
A Discovery Experience
© South-Western | Cengage Learning
Chapter 17 Slide 8
Table 17-2
Subtypes of Schizophrenia
Type
Paranoid
schizophrenia
Frequency
Most Prominent Symptoms
40 percent
Hallucinations and delusions of
persecution and greatness
Undifferentiated Patterns of disordered behavior, thought,
schizophrenia
and emotion that cannot be neatly
classified into any other subtype
40 percent
Catatonic
schizophrenia
May remain motionless for long periods
of time and then move very rapidly
8 percent
Disorganized
schizophrenia
A variety of unrelated hallucinations and
delusions, strange speech, strange facial
expressions; may act like a child or infant
5 percent
Residual
schizophrenia
Persons who have had prior episodes of
schizophrenia but are not currently
experiencing any major symptoms
varies
PSYCHOLOGY
A Discovery Experience
© South-Western | Cengage Learning
Chapter 17 Slide 9
Disorganized Schizophrenia
Disorganized Schizophrenia- Is a
disorder in which bizarre and childlike
behaviors are common.
This includes bizarre symptoms such as
giggling, grimacing, and frantic
gesturing.
People with this disorder don’t
comprehend social conventions such as
when and where to use the bathroom.
PSYCHOLOGY
A Discovery Experience
© South-Western | Cengage Learning
Chapter 17 Slide 10
Catatonic
 Catatonic Schizophrenia- is a severe
disturbance of motor activity.
 This is characterized by states of catatonia
and states of extreme activity. Where they
become excessively excited, talking and
shouting continuously.
 They may behave in a robot like fashion when
ordered to move and can have limbs molded
into uncomfortable positions for hours without
apparent discomfort.
PSYCHOLOGY
A Discovery Experience
© South-Western | Cengage Learning
Chapter 17 Slide 11
Undifferentiated
Undifferentiated schizophrenia- is
someone who has several of the
characteristic symptoms of
schizophrenia; delusions, hallucinations,
or incoherence, yet they don’t have
symptoms typical of a particular subtype
of schizophrenia.
PSYCHOLOGY
A Discovery Experience
© South-Western | Cengage Learning
Chapter 17 Slide 12
Paranoid
Paranoid Schizophrenia- is a disorder
marked by extreme suspiciousness and
complex, bizarre delusions.
They may believe themselves to be a
famous person or that people, usually
agents, aliens or spies are out to get
them.
They can appear normal as they don’t
look crazy but have lost touch with
reality and can at times be violent.
PSYCHOLOGY
A Discovery Experience
© South-Western | Cengage Learning
Chapter 17 Slide 13
Residual schizophrenia
Persons who have had prior
episodes of schizophrenia
but are not currently
experiencing any major
symptoms
PSYCHOLOGY
A Discovery Experience
© South-Western | Cengage Learning
Chapter 17 Slide 14
Causes of Schizophrenia
Genetic basis- Increased Dopamine in
patients with Schizophrenia
Brain damage
Brain pruning- The loss of too many
neurons and their connections during
the teen years.
Stress
PSYCHOLOGY
A Discovery Experience
© South-Western | Cengage Learning
Chapter 17 Slide 15
Figure 17-4
Risk of Developing Schizophrenia
Lifetime Risk of Developing
Schizophrenia (per 100 People)
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
General
Population
Sibling
Child of one
parent with
schizophrenia
Fraternal twin
Child of two
parents with
schizophrenia
Identical twin
Relationship to Person with Schizophrenia
PSYCHOLOGY
A Discovery Experience
© South-Western | Cengage Learning
Chapter 17 Slide 16