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Abnormal
Psychology
Fourth Edition
Oltmanns and Emery
Copyright Prentice Hall 2004
PowerPoint Presentation
Prepared By
Fred W. Whitford
Montana State University
Copyright Prentice Hall 2004
Chapter 15
Mental Retardation and Pervasive
Developmental Disorders
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Overview
• Case Study:
– A Mother with Mild Mental
Retardation
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Mental Retardation
• Typical Symptoms and
Associated Features
– American Association of Mental
Retardation (AAMR)
• Mental Retardation
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Mental Retardation
– Significantly Subaverage IQ
• Measuring of Intelligence
– Normal Distribution
• Controversies About Intelligence
Tests
– Culture-Fair Tests
– Limitations in Adaptive Skills
– Onset Before Age 18 Years
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The Normal Distribution of IQ *
Scores
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DSM-IV-TR Criteria for Mental *
Retardation
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Mental Retardation
• Research Methods:
– Central Tendency, Variability, and
Standard Scores
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Mental Retardation
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• Classification
– Brief Historical Perspective
• “Idiot,“ “Fool,“ “Moron,“ and “Imbecile”
• Early Classification Efforts
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Mental Retardation
• Classification
– Contemporary Classification
• Mild Mental Retardation
• Moderate Mental Retardation
• Severe Mental Retardation
• Profound Mental Retardation
• Epidemiology
– IQ 70 or Below
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Mental Retardation
• Etiological Considerations and
Research
– Biological Factors
• Chromosomal Disorders
– Down Syndrome
– Fragile-X Syndrome
• Genetic Disorders
– Phenylketonuria (PKU)
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Mental Retardation
– Biological Factors
• Infectious Disease
– Rubella
– Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
– Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
(AIDS)
– Syphilis
– Genital Herpes
– Encephalitis
– Meningitis
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Mental Retardation
– Biological Factors
• Toxins
– Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
– Lead Poising
• Other Biological Abnormalities
– Rh Incompatibility
– Premature Birth
– Anoxia
– Malnutrition
– Epilepsy
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Correlation Between the IQ
Scores of Pairs of Relatives
Reared Together or Apart
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Mental Retardation
– Biological Factors
• Normal Genetic Variations
– Cultural-Familiar Retardation
– Reaction Range
– Psychological Factors
– Social Factors
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Mental Retardation
• Treatment: Prevention and
Normalization
– Primary Prevention
• Amniocentesis
– Secondary Prevention
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Mental Retardation
– Tertiary Prevention
– Normalization
• Main Streaming
• Deinstitutionalization
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Mental Retardation
• Further Thoughts:
– Our History of Shame: Eugenics and
Mental Retardation
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Autistic Disorder and Pervasive *
Developmental Disorders
• Pervasive Developmental Disorders
– Autistic Disorder
• Typical Symptoms and Associated
Features
– Impaired Social Interaction
• Theory of Mind
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Autistic Disorder and Pervasive *
Developmental Disorders
• Case Study:
– A Child with Autistic Disorder
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Autistic Disorder and Pervasive *
Developmental Disorders
• Case Study:
– Temple Grandin: An Anthropologist
on Mars
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Autistic Disorder and Pervasive *
Developmental Disorders
– Impaired Communications
• Dysprosody
• Echolalia
• Pronoun Reversal
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Autistic Disorder and Pervasive *
Developmental Disorders
– Stereotyped Behavior, Interests, and
Activities
• Self-Stimulation
– Apparent Sensory Deficits
– Self-Injury
– Savant Performance
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Autistic Disorder and Pervasive *
Developmental Disorders
• Classification
– Brief Historical Perspective
• Asperger’s Disorder
• Childhood Schizophrenia
– Contemporary Classification
• Childhood Disintegrative Disorder
• Rett’s Disorder
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Autistic Disorder and Pervasive *
Developmental Disorders
• Epidemiology
• Etiological Considerations and
Research
– Psychological Factors
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DSM-IV-TR Criteria for Autistic*
Disorder
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DSM-IV-TR Criteria for Autistic*
Disorder
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Autistic Disorder and Pervasive *
Developmental Disorders
• Etiological Considerations and
Research
– Biological Factors
• Autism as a Consequence of Known
Biological Disorders
• A Strongly Genetic Disorder?
• Integration: Multiple Pathways to a
Brain Disorder
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Autistic Disorder and Pervasive *
Developmental Disorders
– Biological Factors
• Neurophysiology and Autism
– Endorphins
• Neuroanatomy and Autism
• A Disorder of Brain Development
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Autistic Disorder and Pervasive *
Developmental Disorders
• Treatment
– Course and Outcome
– Medication
– Psychotherapy: Intensive Behavior
Modification
• Lovaas
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Autistic Disorder and Pervasive *
Developmental Disorders
• Research Close-Up:
– A Study of Facilitated Communication
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Autistic Disorder and Pervasive *
Developmental Disorders
• Getting Help
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