Download Attention Deficit Disorder Power Point

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity
Disorder
A Review of An Overview of ADHD:
Past and Present
Presented by Dr. Chris Babbitt
Compiled by Patrice Edgar
1/22/07
ADHD Facts
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ADHD is a brain based disorder. It is not primarily
behavioral.
3-5% of school age children have ADHD.
ADHD is under diagnosed most often in girls.
80% of children with ADHD continue to have
symptoms into adulthood.
Ritilin has been used to treat ADHD since the 1950’s.
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ADHD is a disability, a
handicapping condition
that is treated, but not
cured.
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Children with ADHD
need stimulation to
keep going.
They act out to gain
that stimulation.
Causes of ADHD
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Although there is no one proven cause of ADHD,
there is a strong genetic component. 50% of
children with the disorder have a parent with ADHD.
Head injury.
Environmental issues such as lead exposure are
another area of concern.
Children with ADHD may have
multiple symptoms.
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Conduct disorders 24%
Oppositional Defiant
Disorder 50%
Learning Disabilities 30%
Depression 15-20%
Aspergers
Sensitivity/skin allergies
Official New Labels
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity
Disorder –Primarily Inattentive.
 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity
Disorder-Primarily Hyperactive
and Impulsive.
 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity
Disorder-Combined
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Diagnostic Criteria
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Six or more symptoms of inattention,
hyperactivity-impulsivity must have persisted
for at least 6 months to a degree that is
maladaptive and inconsistent with
developmental level.
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Diagnostic Systems Manual (DSMIV)
Research by Daniel Amen
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Amen used SPECT Scans to look at blood flow in
the brain. The scans showed that the frontal lobes of
the brain of children with ADHD are poorly infused
with blood.
An increase of blood and a decrease in symptoms
occurred with medication and diet.
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Amen identified six
types of ADHD based
on the scans.
Type 1
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Classic ADHD-over active, poorly attentive, fidgety, impulsive,
poor judgment, and organization.
Scans showed frontal lobe issues in the Prefrontal Cortex.
Stimulant medication was appropriate when used at the right
dose. It showed blood getting into the frontal lobe efficiently.
Adderal and Concerta were the medicines of choice.
A high protein-low carbohydrate diet was helpful along with
aerobic exercise.
Type 2
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Inattentive ADHD-disorganization, poor follow
through, and under activity.
The areas of poor blood infusion were more spread
over the brain.
Stimulant medications such as Adderal and Concerta
were appropriate.
A high protein-low carbohydrate diet and aerobic
exercise was recommended.
Type 3
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Over focused ADHD-rigid thought process, stubborn,
difficulty shifting tasks, rule governed, not a flexible
thinker, addictive personality.
Stimulants will not work. An antidepressant such as
Effexor is recommended.
Add more carbohydrates to diet and aerobic exercise
is appropriate.
Type 4
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Lymbic- The lymbic system is in the middle of the
brain and deals with emotion and expression.
This person is distractible, poorly organized, etc, but
also very moody.
Amen treated this type with Welbutrin.
A well balanced diet is recommended.
Type 5
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Temperal ADHD-occurs in the temperal lobe of the brain.
All the classic ADHD symptoms in addition to memory
problems. These children are poor predictors and can’t place
themselves in time.
Anticonvulsive medicines such as Depacote and Tegratal are
recommended.
A high protein diet along with simple carbohydrates was
recommended.
Type 6
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Ring of Fire ADHD
The child appears behaviorally disordered, defiant, unable to sit
still and attend. May look Bipolar.
Problems with infusion all around the brain which interferes with
regulation of behavior, emotion, and judgment.
An antipsychotic medication such as Risperdal and Zyprexa are
recommended.
Diet should include high protein and simple carbohydrates.
Long Term Study of Treatment for
ADHD
By the MTA Cooperative Group
Four types of treatment were studied.
1. Medication alone
2. Intensive behavioral therapy alone
3. Combination of medication and
behavior
4. Routine community care
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Study Results
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Medication alone and the combination treatment were more
effective than behavioral therapy and routine community care.
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The combination of medication and therapy was not proven to
be better than medication alone.
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Combined treatment outcomes were achieved with significantly
lower medication doses than used in medication management.
Study Results
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In the study, children generally tolerated their
medication well, including a third dose given in the
afternoon.
36% no side effects
50% mild side effects
11% moderate side effects
3% severe side effects
Using Medication With an ADHD Child
Taken From Northwest Counseling Services, S.C.
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Myth: Using medication to treat ADHD will
lead to other problems down the road.
Fact: Untreated ADHD has far greater
consequences than an ADHD that is treated
with appropriate medication.
Using Medication With an ADHD
Child continued
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Children whose ADHD is not treated with medicine are far more
likely to develop problems with drug and alcohol abuse in their
teens and early twenties.
By some estimates as many as 35% of untreated ADHD
children never finish High School.
Almost twice as many untreated ADHD children will choose to
smoke cigarettes (19%) as opposed to their treated peers
(10%).
Using Medication With an ADHD
Child continued
Research indicates that 43% of untreated ADHD boys who are
hyperactive will be arrested for a
felony by age 16.
 Parents of untreated ADHD children divorce at a much higher
rate that those of treated ADHD children.
 Adolescent & adult drivers with untreated ADHD take more
risks and have more accidents.
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Myths About ADHD
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Myth: Stimulants such as Ritilin agitate
children with ADHD.
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Fact: Stimulants slow them down and help
them to be calm.
Myths About ADHD
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Antidepressants are a suicide risk.
False: The risk is not caused by the pill. A
depressed person may lack the energy to
harm him/herself. When the person starts to
get better they gain energy to complete the
act.
Myths About ADHD
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Stimulants cause cardiac problems.
False: A pre-existing condition is the cause.
Watching television causes ADHD. False:
The problem is having a TV in the child’s
bedroom. It increases issues like social
isolation, not ADHD.