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What is burnout ? Teija Honkonen MD, Psychiatrist, FIOH 14.1.2004 Fatigue • May be caused by a physical or psychic stress factor • May be a symptom of almost any somatic disease or mental disorder • Is not necesserily caused by the reason which the person suffering from fatigue assumes The original definition of burnout • Originally burnout has been defined as a syndrome of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment, that occurs in occupations in which a contact with other people constitutes a major part of the task and can be a source of stress (Maslach & Jackson 1981, Jackson & Leiter 1996) The process of burnout I • Burnout develops as a consequence of a prolonged stress situation at work • Discrepancy between intentions of a motivated employee and the reality in unfavourable working conditions develops towards burnout via dysfunctional ways of coping The process of burnout II • Different models of burnout share the basic assumption of sequentiality • However, there is no consensus about the development of the burnout syndrome • Only few studies have used longer than one-year follow-up Burnout - among all sectors of working life • Recently is has been observed that burnout can evolve in any occupations and need not to be restricted to occupational issues related to service provision (Taris et al. 1999) • A new instrument, the Maslach Burnout Inventory - General Survey, has been designed to measure burnout among all sectors of working life (Leiter & Schaufeli 1996) Burnout - a three dimensional syndrome • Exhaustion • Cynicism • Lack of professional efficacy Burnout and diagnostics • Burnout is not a diagnostic category • International diagnostic classification criteria do not consider burnout as a disease • In Finland, burnout as such is not a valid reason for sickness absence Health 2000 Survey: Prevalence of burnout in Finland • During the years 2000-2001 among employees aged 30-64-years – 2.5% suffered from severe symptoms of burnout – furthermore, every fourth suffered from burnout symptoms – the risk for severe burnout increased along with age Pirkola et al. 2002 Burnout and depressive disorders • Depression and burnout are not identical, although their symptoms may be overlapping • At individual level burnout may form a part of the aetiology of depression • More research is needed on the relationship between burnout and mental disorders