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Transcript 
August 24, 1992
Neuromaturational Factors:
• Noradrenaline
• Amygdala
• Hippocampus
• Medial Prefrontal Cortex
Stressors:
• War
• Rape
• Traumatic Life experience
•
•
•
Pynoos et al., 1987
Pynoos & Goenjin, 1992
Jenkins & Valiente, 1994
Constitutional
(Biological)
Vulnerability
Inherited Factors:
•
Pre-existing depression
•
Pre-existing anxiety disorder
•
Family history of anxiety
•
Family history of neuroticism
•
•
Halligan, S, Yehuda, R, 2000
Cornelis, M, et. al. 2010
•
Grinage, 2003
Psychiatric
Outcome
(Post-Traumatic
Stress Disorder)
Walker-Tessner
Model
Cognitive Factors:
•
Mental defeat
•
Mental confusion
•
Appraisal of emotions
•
Appraisal of symptoms
•
Perceived negative responses of others
•
Permanent change
•
Dunmore, E, Clark, D.M., & Ehlers, A, 1999
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