Download Appendix A - Essentials of the Language of Endocrinology

PowerPoint to accompany
Essentials of Medical Language
Allan, Lockyer
Chapter 10:
Endocrine System
The Essentials of the Language of
Endocrinology
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10-1
Endocrine System
Lesson 10.1: Endocrine System,
Hypothalamus, and Pituitary
and Pineal Glands
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10-2
Endocrine System
• Major organs:
– pituitary gland
– pineal gland
– parathyroid glands
– adrenal gland
– testes
– hypothalamus
– thyroid gland
– thymus gland
– pancreas
– ovaries
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10-3
Endocrine System
• Endocrine hormone examples:
– gastrin
– erythropoietin
– leptin
– prostaglandins
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10-4
Endocrine System
• Hypothalamus
– oxytocin
– antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
• Pineal gland
– serotonin
– melatonin
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10-5
Word Analysis and Definition
• Define each term. What is the relationship
between them?
– endocrine and endocrinology
– hormone and hormonal
– melatonin, oxytocin, and seratonin
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10-6
Pituitary Gland
• Anterior pituitary
– follicle-stimulating hormone
– luteinizing hormone
– thyroid-stimulating hormone
– adrenocorticotropic hormone
– prolactin
– growth hormone
[Insert Figure 10.3 here]
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10-7
Pituitary Gland
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Pituitary Gland
• Posterior pituitary
– oxytocin
– antidiuretic hormone
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10-9
Abbreviations
• Define each abbreviation:
– ADH
– SAD
– DI
– OT
– PRL
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10-10
Abbreviations
• Define each abbreviation:
– ACTH
– FSH
– GH
– LH
– TSH
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10-11
Word Analysis and Definition
• Compare and contrast each set of terms:
– corticosteroid and corticotropin
– thyrotropin and somatotropin
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10-9
Endocrine System
Lesson 10.2: Thyroid, Parathyroid,
and Thymus Glands
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10-13
Thyroid Gland
•
•
Location
Hormones
– T3 and T4
– calcitonin
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14-14
Parathyroid Glands
•
Location
•
Hormones
– parathyroid hormone (PTH)
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14-15
Abbreviations
• Define each abbreviation:
– T3
– T4
– PTH
– VS
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10-16
Word Analysis and Definition
• Analyze each term into its component
parts and then define each:
– emaciation
– calcitonin
– antagonist
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10-17
Disorders of the Thyroid Gland
• Hyperthyroidism
– Graves disease
– goiter
– exophthalmos
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10-18
Disorders of the Thyroid Gland
• Hypothyroidism
– myxedema
– thyroiditis
– Hashimoto disease
– cretinism
– thyroid cancer
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10-19
Word Analysis and Definition
• Compare and contrast the following sets of
terms:
– hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism
– goiter, exophthalmos and Graves
disease
– thyroidectomy, thyroiditis and
thyrotoxicosis
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10-20
Endocrine System
Lesson 10.3: Adrenal Glands and
Hormones
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10-21
Adrenal Glands
• Location
• Divisions
• Hormones
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10-22
Adrenal Glands
• Hormones
– corticosteroids
– catecholamines
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10-23
Adrenal Gland Disorders
• Addison disease
• Cushing syndrome
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10-24
Word Analysis and Definition
• Locate and define the suffix of each term:
– adrenocortical
– aldosterone
– corticosteroid
– epinephrine
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10-25
Word Analysis and Definition
• Pronounce and define each term:
– facies
– catecholamine
– norepinephrine
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10-26
Endocrine System
Lesson 10.4: The Pancreas
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10-27
Pancreas
•
•
•
Location
Structure
Hormones
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10-28
Word Analysis and Definition
• Differentiate among the following terms:
– glucose
– glucagon
– gluconeogenesis
– glycogenolysis
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10-29
Word Analysis and Definition
• Describe how the following terms are
related:
– glucagon
– insulin
– somatostatin
– pancreas
– islets of Langerhans
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10-30
Diabetes Mellitus
• Diabetes Mellitus
– insulin dependence
• Type 1 diabetes
• Type 2 diabetes
– time of onset
• Gestational diabetes
• Mature-onset diabetes of the young
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10-31
Abbreviations
• Define each abbreviation:
– DM
– IDDM
– MODY
– NIDDM
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10-32
Diabetes Mellitus
• Hypoglycemia
– symptomatic hypoglycemia
– insulin shock
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10-33
Diabetes Mellitus
• Hyperglycemia
– diabetic ketoacidosis
– diabetic coma
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10-34
Word Analysis and Definition
• Define each term:
– polydipsia
– polyphagia
– polyuria
– paresthesia
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10-35
Diabetes Mellitus
• Treatment of diabetes mellitus
– diet and exercise
– patient education
– plasma glucose monitoring
– assessment of the patient
– periodic laboratory evaluation
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10-36
Word Analysis and Definition
• Define and describe how the following
terms are related:
– ketone
– ketosis
– ketoacidosis
– acetone
– metabolic acidosis
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10-37
Abbreviations
• Define each abbreviation:
– BUN
– DKA
– Hb A1c
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10-38