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ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Endocrine System
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A system of glands that secrete hormones
(chemical messengers) directly into the blood
stream.
Promotes growth and maintains the internal
balance of the body. (Homeostasis)
Note: The hypothalamus is technically part of
the nervous system(brain).
The function of the endocrine
system
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The system of glands, tissues, and cells
that secrete hormones into the
bloodstream to influence metabolism and
other body processes.
Hypothalamus
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A part of the brain that
activates, controls, and
integrates the autonomic
mechanisms, endocrine
activities, and many
body functions.
Pituitary Gland
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The “master gland,”
closely linked with the
hypothalamus, that
controls other endocrine
glands and secretes
hormones that regulate
growth, maturation and
reproduction.
The pituitary gland may be king, but the power behind the throne is
clearly the hypothalamus.
Pituitary gland secretions
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ACTHadrenocorticotropic
hormone
A hormone formed in the
pituitary gland, that
stimulates the outer
layer of the adrenal
gland to secrete its
hormone.
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HGH- human growth
hormone
Promotes growth
(indirectly), control of
protein, lipid and
carbohydrate
metabolism
Liver, adipose tissue
Pituitary gland secretions
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LH- luteinizing hormone
Control of reproductive
function
Ovary and testes
(growth, development
& function)
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FSH- follicle-stimulating
hormone
Control of reproductive
function
Ovary and testes
(growth, development &
function)
In both sexes, LH stimulates secretion of sex steroids from the
gonads. In the testes, LH binds to cells, stimulating synthesis and
secretion of testosterone. Cells in the ovary respond to LH
stimulation by secretion of testosterone, which is converted into
estrogen by adjacent cells.
Pituitary gland secretions
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Oxytocin- Stimulates milk ejection and uterine
contractions.
Ovary and testes
Oxytocin acting within the brain plays a major
role in establishing maternal behavior.
Thyroid
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Control heart rate,
body weight, body
temperature, energy
level, muscle
strength and
menstrual regularity.
Thyroid problems
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Hypo:
The thyroid gland
produces too little
amounts of
thyroid hormone.
Hypothyroidism
causes the body to
function at a lower
rate.
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Hyper:
The thyroid gland
produces too
much hormone.
Increases the rate
at which each cell
functions,
increasing all the
reactions that
occur in the body.
Parathyroid
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One of four small
endocrine glands on the
back of the thyroid
Secretes parathyroid
hormone which
regulates calcium and
phosphorus metabolism.
Adrenal Glands
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Endocrine glands,
located over the kidneys
that produce androgens
(example: testosterone)
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Regulated by the
hormones of the pituitary
gland.
Pancreas
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The pancreas is a
digestive gland found
behind the lower part of
the stomach. It
discharges its juice,
mixed with with bile, into
the intestine.
It also produces insulin,
a hormone that helps to
control the level of
glucose sugar in your
blood
Ovaries
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One of two female
reproductive glands that
produce ova (eggs) and
sex hormones; ovaries
are the female gonads.
Production of estrogen
Production of
progesterone
Testicles
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Site of sperm
production, also known
as Gonads
Produces the male sex
hormone testosterone.