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Lab Activity 8 Axial Skeleton Martini Chapter 7 Axial Skeleton Skull Spine Thoracic Cage Hyoid bone Cervical Spine 7 Vertebra C1-C7 Concave Posterior Thoracic Spine 12 Vertebra T1-T12 Convex Posterior Attach to the ribs Lumbar Spine 5 Vertebra L1-L5 Concave Posterior Sacral Spine 5 Fused Vertebra “Sacrum” Coccyx 4 Fused Vertebra vertebrae BODY VERTEBRAL ARCH PEDICLE LAMINA TRANSVERSE PROCESS SPINOUS PROCESS VERTEBRAL FORAMEN vertebrae SUPERIOR ARTICULAR PROCESS INFERIOR ARTICULAR PROCESS VERTEBRAL NOTCH Intervertebral Foraminae VERTEBRAL NOTCH COMBINED WITH LOWER VERTEBRA MAKES AN INTERVERTEBRAL FORAMEN NERVE ROOT EXITS HERE Intervertebral Disk annulus fibrosus fibrocartilage nucleus pulposis gel-like center Cervical Vertebrae (C3-C7) BIFID SPINOUS PROCESS VERTEBRAL FORAMEN BODY Cervical Vertebrae (C3-C7) TRANSVERSE PROCESSES TRANSVERSE FORAMEN Cervical Vertebrae (C3-C7) SUPERIOR ARTICULAR PROCESS SUPERIOR ARTICULAR FACET Cervical Vertebrae (C3-C7) VERTEBRAL ARCH Cervical Vertebrae C1: Atlas SUPERIOR ARTICULAR FACET Cervical Vertebrae C2: Axis ODONTOID PROCESS (DENS) Cervical Vertebrae C1 & C2 Joined Together PEG OF THE DENS ATTACHES TO THE ANTERIOR PART OF THE C1 VERTEBRA Thoracic Vertebrae DOWNWARD-SLOPING, THIN SPINOUS PROCESS COSTAL FACETS RIB ATTACHMENTS Lumbar Vertebrae THICK, STURDY BODY THICK PROCESSES Sacrum 5 FUSED VERTEBRAE SACRAL PROMONTORY SACRAL FORAMINA Sacroiliac Joints CONNECTION BETWEEN THE SACRUM AND THE HIP BONES Coccyx 4 RUDIMENTARY VERTEBRAE Hyoid Bone GREATER HORN LESSER HORN BODY Sternum MANUBRIUM BODY STERNAL ANGLE XYPHOID PROCESS OSSIFIES AT AGE 40 Ribs 1-7: True Ribs TRUE RIBS CONNECT DIRECTLY TO THE STERNUM Ribs 8-10: False Ribs FALSE RIBS CONNECT INTO A COMMON COSTAL CARTILAGE Ribs 11 & 12: Floating Ribs NO CONNECTION TO THE STERNUM Ribs Ribs Attached to Thoracic Vertebrae Costovertebral Angle SUPRAORBITAL RIDGE Frontal Bone Frontal Bone FRONTAL SINUS Parietal Bone Parietal Bone Temporal Bone Temporal Bone Temporal Bone EXTERNAL ACOUSTIC MEATUS ZYGOMATIC ARCH MASTOID PROCESS STYLOID PROCESS MANDIBULAR FOSSA Temporal Bone CAROTID CANAL JUGULAR FORAMEN Occipital Bone Occipital Bone OCCIPITAL CONDYLES FORAMEN MAGNUM External occipital protuberance Sphenoid Bone GREATER WING LESSER WING PTERYGOID PROCESS LATERAL PTERYGOID PLATE MEDIAL PTERYGOID PLATE Sphenoid Bone PTERYGOID PROCESS SPHENOID SINUS Sphenoid Bone LESSER WING GREATER WING SELLA TURCICA HYPOPHYSEAL FOSSA DORSUM SELLAE Ethmoid Bone CRISTA GALLI CRIBRIFORM PLATE PERPENDICULAR PLATE Ethmoid Bone MIDDLE NASAL CONCHAE PERPENDICULAR PLATE Ethmoid Bone CRISTAE GALLI CRIBRIFORM PLATE PERPENDICULAR PLATE Cranium Floor ANTERIOR CRANIAL FOSSA MIDDLE CRANIAL FOSSA POSTERIOR CRANIAL FOSSA Sagittal Suture BETWEEN THE RIGHT AND LEFT PARIETAL BONES Coronal Suture BETWEEN THE PARIETAL BONES AND THE FRONTAL BONE Squamous Suture BETWEEN THE PARIETAL BONE AND THE TEMPORAL BONE Lambdoid Suture BETWEEN THE PARIETAL BONES AND THE OCCIPITAL BONE Wormian (Sutural) Bones Small islands of bone that fill gaps in sutures. PRESENT IN VARYING AMOUNTS Fetal Skull Fetal Skull Superior View Maxilla HARD PALATE Mandible RAMUS MANDIBULAR CONDYLE CORONOID PROCESS ANGLE BODY MENTAL FORAMEN ALVEOLAR PROCESS Mandible MYLOHYOID LINE MANDIBULAR FORAMEN PALATINE BONE VOMER PALATINE BONE VOMER Zygomatic Bone TEMPORAL PROCESS ZYGOMATIC ARCH Facial Bones NASAL LACRIMAL Facial Bones INFERIOR NASAL CONCHAE MIDDLE NASAL CONCHAE (ETHMOID) VOMER PERPENDICULAR PLATE (ETHMOID) Orbit Sinuses ETHMOID FRONTAL SPHENOID MAXILLARY
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