Download Body Planes, Directions, and Cavities

Week 4 Overview
Review homework-oral practice
Getting ready for the test using pages
25-32 in syllabus
Chapter 4- pages 40-64-lectureoutline in syllabus pages 33-36
Abbreviation set 4
Medical Language Lab
Homework
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Pages 25-32- from the syllabus to help
study for next week’s testQuestions?
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Week #4 Body Structure
The Body as a Whole
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Anatomy
The study of body structure
Physiology
The study of body function
Business 86, Medical Terminology
The body has levels of organization
 Cell(s) - Cyt/o – (cytology)
 the basic structural units of life
 Tissue(s) - Hist/o – (histology)
 a group of specialized cells that join to perform specific
functions
 Organ(s)
 two or more tissue types
 System(s)
 a group of organs and tissues that are organized to
perform a function
 Organism(s)
 The 10-11 systems that together make up the human
organism capable of independent existence
Business 86, Medical Terminology
The Disease Process
Pathological (morbid) condition that presents a group of signs,
symptoms and clinical findings that
disrupt homeostasis in the body
 Pathology - the study of disease
 Pathogenesis - the origin or development of a
disease
 Etiology - the study of
the cause of the disease
 Idiopathic - unknown
origin
Business 86, Medical Terminology
 Diagnosis - Dx - putting a picture
together about the patient
– Signs and Symptoms (S&Sx)
Sign is something that can be seen, heard,
smelled, or felt- objective information
Symptom is something the patient complains
about- subjective information
 R/O - rule out a diagnosis or
diagnoses
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Prognosis - the outcome of a disease
 Good prognosis – Strepthroat
 Poor prognosis – AIDS
acquired immune deficiency
syndrome
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Treatment - Tx - Treatment of a
disease
Medical - Medication
• Cure/Palliative
Surgical
• Cure/Palliative
Business 86, Medical Terminology
ANATOMICAL
POSITION
`
Standing erect with face,
palms, and feet forward
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Body Planes
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Midsagittal or Median:
Anatomical Division
Divides the body into
right and left sides
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Transverse or Horizontal Plane:
Anatomical Division
Divides the body into a
Superior- top and
Inferior- bottom half
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Coronal or Frontal Plane:
Anatomical Division
Divides the body into
Anterior-Front and
Posterior- back
sections.
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Next we will look at the (spine) vertebrae:
The medical terms for the spine are
Vertebr/o
Spondyl/o
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Cervical-7- C1-C-7located in the neck
Thoracic-12- T1-T12located in the upper back
Lumbar- 5- L1-L5located in the lower back
Sacral- which is 5 fused
vertebrae
Coccyx- which is up to 4
tiny fused bones
The Human Vertebrae
Business 86, Medical Terminology
The first cervical vertebrae located
in the neck is called the atlas
Business 86, Medical Terminology
The second cervical vertebrae is called
the Axis
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Body Cavities:
Spaces within the body which contain vital organs-
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Dorsal (Back side)
1. Cranial Cavity = contains the brain
2. Spinal Cavity = contains the spinal
cord
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Ventral (belly side)
1. Thoracic Cavity = located in the
chest, contains the heart, lungs, and the
large blood vessels
NOTE: The diaphragm separates the
thoracic and abdominopelvic
cavities
2. Abdominopelvic =located under
the diaphragm extending to the
symphysis pubis
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Abdominopelvic Cavity
This large cavity contains organs of digestion, reproduction
and urinary systems. It also contains the spleen which is part
of the immune system.
Business 86, Medical Terminology
1.
2.
3.
4.
Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)
Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)
Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)
Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)
Abdominopelvic: Quadrants
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Quadrants and the organs they
contain




RUQRLQLUQLLQ-
Liver, Gallbladder
Appendix, Female Reproduction
Stomach, Pancreas, Spleen
Sigmoid Colon, Female Reproduction
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Medical Terms





Anterior - front side
Superficial - closer to the surface
Internal - deep
Abduction - movement away from the midline
Adduction - movement towards the midline
Business 86, Medical Terminology




Medial - Middle
Lateral - Side
Superior - Towards the head - upper
Inferior - Towards the feet - lower
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Prone - face down
Supine - face up
Proximal - close to the point of
reference or attachment
Distal - away from the point of
reference or attachment
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Sign (S) - something you can use
your senses to diagnose the patient
Symptom - (Sx) - something the
patient complains of
Dx - diagnosis
Business 86, Medical Terminology






Posterior - back
Parietal - outer lining
Visceral - inner lining, internal organ
Inversion - turning inward
Eversion - turning outward
Diaphragm- muscle that separates the
thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic
cavity
 MRI - Magnetic Resonance Imaging
 CT Scan - Computed Tomography Scan
 X-ray - Radiological study
Business 86, Medical Terminology
RUQ - Right upper quadrant
LUQ - Left upper quadrant
RLQ - Right lower quadrant
LLQ - Left lower quadrant
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Sono - sonogram
Lat - lateral
ROM - range of motion
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Positions in Bed
Fowler’s - sitting upright
Lateral recumbent- comfort with
pillows
Fowler’s
semi-Fowler’s
high-Fowler’s
Sims - lying on the left side
Lithotomy- Childbirth
Trendelenberg - Shock position
the head is down and legs up
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Body Structure Review Worksheet
1. Spinal, cranial, thoracic, abdominopelvic
RUQ
RLQ
LUQ
LLQ
2. RUQ- liver and gall bladder
RLQ- appendix and female reproduction
LUQ- stomach, pancreas and spleen
LLQ- sigmoid colon and female reproduction
3. Body Planes- Midsagittal- Right and Left sides
Coronal/Frontal- Anterior and Posterior
Transverse/Horizontal- Superior and Inferior
4. Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Abbreviation Set #4
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
AP- anterior/posterior
CA- cancer
cm- centimeter
cc- cubic centimeter
DC- discontinue
/d- per day
DOA- dead on arrival
DOB- date of birth
h, hr.- hour
qam- every morning
Business 86, Medical Terminology
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
wt.- weight
CXR- chest x-ray
Bx- biopsy
H&P- history and physical
Kg- kilogram
GU- genitourinary
GI- gastrointestinal
MS- musculoskeletal
CV- cardiovascular
ht.- height
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Homework
•
•
•
•
•
•
Study for suffix/prefix test using syllabus pgs. 25-32
Complete pgs. 39-42 (syllabus), body structure
puzzle (handout)
Complete pgs. 65-76 (book)
Term Plus Body Structure-Tag the Elements (TE),
Medical Vocabulary (MV)
www.fadavis.com study questions for chapter 4
Read pages 78--103 (book)
Business 86, Medical Terminology