Download General Anatomy Review

General Anatomy Review
Things you should know from the
anatomy class you should have
taken.
BODY PLANES
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CORONAL
– Divides the body into anterior & posterior
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SAGITTAL
– Divides the body into right & left
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TRANSVERSE
– Divides the body into superior & inferior
LOCATION TERMS
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PROXIMAL
DISTAL
MEDIAL
LATERAL
SUPERIOR
INFERIOR
ANTERIOR
POSTERIOR
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Close to a point
Far away from
Towards middle
On the outside
Above a point
Below a point
Towards the front
Towards the back
MUSCLE MOVEMENTS
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ABDUCTION
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Away from the body
– Deltoid/Shoulder
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ADDUCTION
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FLEXION
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EXTENSION
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PLANTAR FLEXION
DORSIFLEXION
Toward the body
– Latissmus Dorsi/Arm
Bend a joint
– Biceps/Elbow
Straighten a joint
– Quadriceps/Knee
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Toes down
– Gastrocnemius & Soleus
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Toes up
– Tibialis Anterior
OTHER MOVEMENTS
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SUPINATION
– TURNING PALMS UP
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PRONATION
– TURNING PALMS DOWN
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EXTERNAL ROTATION
– HIP & SHOULDER MOVING “OUT”
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INTERNAL ROTATION
– HIP & SHOULDER MOVING “IN”
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INVERSION
– ANKLE “TOEING IN”
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EVERSION
– ANKLE “TOEING OUT”
SKELETAL SYSTEM
Skull-Head
Clavicle-Collar bone
 Scapula-Shld blade
 Sternum-Breast Bone
 Humerus-Arm
 Ulna/Radius-Forearm
 Carpals-wrist
 Femur-Thigh
 Patella-Knee Cap
 Tibia-shin
 Tarsals-Ankle
 Phalanges-fingers & toes
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SKELETAL DETAILS
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206 BONES
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Pelvis
– 3 fused bone
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PROVIDES
STORAGED OF
BLOOD CELLS &
MINERALS
PROVIDES
FRAMEWORK
 Ilium, Ishium, Pubic
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Spine
– 3 section
 7Cervicle
 12 Thoracic
 5 Lumbar
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Sacrum
– Connects pelvis
– Spine sits upon
MUSCULAR SYSTEM
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Trapezius-neck/back
Deltoid-shoulder
Pectoralis-chest
Triceps-Post Arm
Biceps-Ant Arm
LD-Mid & Lower back
Abdominal-stomach
Gluteal-rear end
Quadriceps-ant thigh
Hamstrings-post thigh
Gastrocnemius-calf
L.E. Muscle Groups
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QUADRICEPS
–
–
–
–
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Rectus Femoris
Vastus Medialis
Vastus Intermedius
Vastus Lateralis
– Biceps Femoris
– Semitendinosus
– Semimembranosus
**In order superficial to
deep
CALF
– Gastrocnemius
 Superficial
– Soleus
 Deep
HAMSTRINGS
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Gluteal Group
– Gluteus Maximus
– Gluteus Medius
– Gluteus Minimus
GENERAL INJURIES
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Fracture
– ANY break in a bone
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Sprain
– Affecting ligaments; 3 degrees
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Strain
– Affecting tendons & muscles; 3 degrees
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Contusion
– Bruise
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Hematoma
– Blood Tumor; bruise gone bad
BASIC TREATMENT OF INJURES
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PRICE
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–
–
–
–
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Protect
Rest
ICE ICE BABY (48 hours)
Compression
Elevation
REHAB
– Important to retrain muscles
– STRETCH!!
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See MD
MISC. TERMS TO KNOW
-ITIS
 -ALGIA
 joint
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Inflammation
 Pain
 2 or more bones
connected together
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– Ligaments
– Cartilige
– Synovial fluid