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PowerPoint® Lecture Slides prepared by Vince Austin, Bluegrass Technical and Community College CHAPTER Elaine N. Marieb Katja Hoehn Human Anatomy & Physiology SEVENTH EDITION Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings 1 PART B The Human Body: An Orientation Anatomical Position Body erect, feet slightly apart, palms facing forward, thumbs point away from body Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 1.7a Directional Terms __________________________– toward and away from the head, respectively __________________________– toward the front and back of the body __________________________– toward the midline, away from the midline, and between a more medial and lateral structure Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Directional Terms __________________________– closer to and farther from the origin of the body part __________________________– toward and away from the body surface Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Directional Terms Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Table 1.1a Directional Terms Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Table 1.1b Regional Terms: Anterior View Nasal (nose) Frontal (forehead) Orbital (eye) Oral (mouth) Buccal (cheek) Cervical (neck) Mental (chin) Acromial (point of shoulder) Axillary (armpit) Sternal (breastbone) Thoracic (chest) Mammary (breast) Abdominal (abdomen) Brachial (arm) Antecubital (front of elbow) Antebrachial (forearm) Pelvic (pelvis) Umbilical (navel) Carpal (wrist) Pollex (thumb) Palmar (palm) Coxal (hip) Digital (fingers) Inguinal (groin) Pubic (genital region) Femoral (thigh) Patellar (anterior knee) Fibular, or peroneal (side of leg) Crural (leg) Pedal (foot) Tarsal (ankle) Digital (toes) Hallux (great toe) (a) Anterior Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 1.7a Regional Terms: Posterior View Otic (ear) Cephalic (head) Occipital (back of head or base of skull) Acromial (point of shoulder) Vertebral (spinal column) Scapular (shoulder blade) Brachial (arm) Dorsum or dorsal (back) Olecranal (back of elbow) Lumbar (loin) Sacral (between hips) Upper extremity Manus (hand) Gluteal (buttock) Perineal (region between the anus and external genitalia) Femoral (thigh) Lower extremity Popliteal (back of knee) Sural (calf) Calcaneal (heel) Plantar (sole) (b) Posterior Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 1.7b Body Planes _____________– divides the body into right and left parts __________________________– sagittal plane that lies on the midline __________________________– divides the body into anterior and posterior parts __________________________ (cross section) – divides the body into superior and inferior parts __________________________– cuts made diagonally Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Body Planes Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 1.8 Anatomical Variability Humans vary slightly in both external and internal anatomy Over _____________of all anatomical structures match textbook descriptions, but: Nerves or blood vessels may be somewhat _____________ Small muscles may be _____________ Extreme anatomical variations are seldom seen Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Body Cavities Dorsal cavity protects the _____________, and is divided into two subdivisions _____________– within the skull; encases the _____________ _____________– runs within the vertebral column; encases the _____________ Ventral cavity houses the internal organs (viscera), and is divided into two subdivisions ________________ ________________ Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Body Cavities Cranial cavity (contains brain) Thoracic cavity (contains heart and lungs) Dorsal body cavity Diaphragm Vertebral cavity (contains spinal cord) Abdominal cavity (contains digestive viscera) Key: Pelvic cavity (contains bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum) Dorsal body cavity Ventral body cavity (a) Lateral view Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 1.9a Body Cavities Key: Cranial cavity Dorsal body cavity Ventral body cavity Vertebral cavity Thoracic cavity (contains heart and lungs) Superior mediastinum Pleural cavity Pericardial cavity within the mediastinum Diaphragm Abdominal cavity (contains digestive viscera) Abdominopelvic cavity Ventral body cavity (thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities) Pelvic cavity (contains bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum) (b) Anterior view Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 1.9b Body Cavities Thoracic cavity is subdivided into two pleural cavities, the mediastinum, and the pericardial cavity Pleural cavities – each houses a _____________ Mediastinum – contains the pericardial cavity; surrounds the remaining _____________ Pericardial cavity – encloses the _____________ Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Body Cavities The _______________________ is separated from the superior thoracic cavity by the dome-shaped _______________________ It is composed of two subdivisions Abdominal cavity – contains the _______________________ _______________________ Pelvic cavity – lies within the pelvis and contains the _______________________ _______________________ ________________ Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Ventral Body Cavity Membranes Parietal serosa lines _______________________ Visceral serosa covers the _______________________ Serous fluid separates the _______________________ Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Serous Membrane Relationship Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 1.10a Heart Serosae Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 1.10b Other Body Cavities _______________________– mouth and cavities of the digestive organs _______________________ –located within and posterior to the nose _______________________– house the eyes _______________________– contains bones (ossicles) that transmit sound vibrations _______________________– joint cavities Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Other Body Cavities Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 1.13 Abdominopelvic Regions Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 1.11a Organs of the Abdominopelvic Regions Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 1.11b Abdominopelvic Quadrants Right upper Left upper Right lower Left lower Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 1.12