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Anatomical Terminology Skeletal System Body Cavities T T A A T A Body Direction and Location Anterior Inferior Posterior Superior Caudal Lateral Cranial Medial Proximal Rostral Distal Palmar Dorsal Plantar Ventral Prone Supine Body Planes Transverse Plane http://www.spineuniverse.com/displayarticle.php/article1023.html Bone Classification - Appearance Bone Classification - Shape Long Short Flat Irregular Bone Morphology Foramen Condyle Meatus Tuber(osity) Process Joints http://cellbio.utmb.edu/microanatomy/bone/compact_bone_histology.htm AXIAL SKELETON = skull, vertebrae, ribs and sternum AXIAL SKELETON = skull, vertebrae, ribs and sternum APPENDICULAR SKELETON = bones that make up the appendages AXIAL SKELETON = skull, vertebrae, ribs and sternum APPENDICULAR SKELETON = bones that make up the appendages Pectoral limb – arms, forelegs, wings and the scapula Pelvic limb – legs or hind legs and the pelvis Pectoral limb – arms, forelegs, wings and the scapula humerus radius ulna scapula carpals metacarpals phalanges sesamoids Pelvic limb – legs or hind legs and the pelvis pelvis femur tibia fibula patella fabella tarsals metatarsals phalanges BIRDS: SKELETAL ADAPTATIONS FOR FLIGHT BIRDS: SKELETAL ADAPTATIONS FOR FLIGHT • Fusion and elimination of bones BIRDS: SKELETAL ADAPTATIONS FOR FLIGHT • Fusion and elimination of bones • Pneumatization BIRDS: SKELETAL ADAPTATIONS FOR FLIGHT • Fusion and elimination of bones • Pneumatization • Keeled sternum BIRDS: SKELETAL ADAPTATIONS FOR FLIGHT • Fusion and elimination of bones • Pneumatization • Keeled sternum • Scapula: narrow, flat rod BIRDS: SKELETAL ADAPTATIONS FOR FLIGHT • Fusion and elimination of bones • Pneumatization • Keeled sternum • Scapula: narrow, flat rod • Skeletal muscle differences