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Anatomical
Terminology
Skeletal System
Body Cavities
T
T
A
A
T
A
Body Direction and Location
Anterior
Inferior
Posterior
Superior
Caudal
Lateral
Cranial
Medial
Proximal
Rostral
Distal
Palmar
Dorsal
Plantar
Ventral
Prone
Supine
Body Planes
Transverse
Plane
http://www.spineuniverse.com/displayarticle.php/article1023.html
Bone Classification - Appearance
Bone Classification - Shape
Long
Short
Flat
Irregular
Bone Morphology
Foramen
Condyle
Meatus
Tuber(osity)
Process
Joints
http://cellbio.utmb.edu/microanatomy/bone/compact_bone_histology.htm
AXIAL SKELETON
= skull, vertebrae, ribs and sternum
AXIAL SKELETON
= skull, vertebrae, ribs and sternum
APPENDICULAR SKELETON
= bones that make up the appendages
AXIAL SKELETON
= skull, vertebrae, ribs and sternum
APPENDICULAR SKELETON
= bones that make up the appendages
Pectoral limb – arms, forelegs, wings
and the scapula
Pelvic limb – legs or hind legs and the
pelvis
Pectoral limb – arms, forelegs, wings
and the scapula
humerus
radius
ulna
scapula
carpals
metacarpals
phalanges
sesamoids
Pelvic limb – legs or hind legs and the
pelvis
pelvis
femur
tibia
fibula
patella
fabella
tarsals
metatarsals
phalanges
BIRDS: SKELETAL ADAPTATIONS FOR FLIGHT
BIRDS: SKELETAL ADAPTATIONS FOR FLIGHT
• Fusion and elimination of bones
BIRDS: SKELETAL ADAPTATIONS FOR FLIGHT
• Fusion and elimination of bones
• Pneumatization
BIRDS: SKELETAL ADAPTATIONS FOR FLIGHT
• Fusion and elimination of bones
• Pneumatization
• Keeled sternum
BIRDS: SKELETAL ADAPTATIONS FOR FLIGHT
• Fusion and elimination of bones
• Pneumatization
• Keeled sternum
• Scapula: narrow, flat rod
BIRDS: SKELETAL ADAPTATIONS FOR FLIGHT
• Fusion and elimination of bones
• Pneumatization
• Keeled sternum
• Scapula: narrow, flat rod
• Skeletal muscle differences
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