Download Gross Anatomy of the Brain

The Brain
By
Khaled Na3im
Part I
Nervous System
 CNS
(central nervous system)
Brain
Spinal Cord
 PNS
(peripheral nervous system)
Peripheral Nerve
+ Ganglion
ANS ( autonomic nervous
system )
The Brain
The brain includes :
 Cerebrum
(cerebral hemisphere)
 Diencephalon
 Cerebellum
 Brainstem
Embryonic (developmental) divisions of the Brain
Primary vesicle
Secondary vesicle
telencephalon
Prosencephalon
Mesencephalon
Rhombencephalon
Derivatives
Cerebral cortex
Cerebral white matter
Basal ganglia
diencephalon
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Subthalamus
Epithalamus
mesencephalon
Midbrain
metencephalon
Cerebellum
Pons
myelencephalon
Medulla oblongata
Inner Structures of the Brain
1. Basal ganglia
2. Thalamus
3. Hypothalamus
4. Midbrain
5. Pons
6. Medulla oblongata
Cerebrum – Cerebral Hemisphere
Telencephalic structure –lateral ventricles
1. Cerebral Cortex
- lobes, gyrus & sulcus
2. Cerebral White Matter
(medullary center)
3. Basal Ganglia
Lobes of the Cerebral Cortex (lateral surface)
1. Frontal lobe
2. Parietal lobe
3. Temporal Lobe
4. Occipital lobe
5. Limbic lobe
Lobes of the Cerebral Cortex (medial surface)
1. Frontal lobe
2. Parietal lobe
3. Temporal Lobe
4. Occipital lobe
5. Limbic lobe
Lobes of
the Cerebral Cortex
(basal surface)
1. Frontal lobe
2. Parietal lobe
3. Temporal Lobe
4. Occipital lobe
5. Limbic lobe
Gyri of the Frontal Lobe
Lateral Surface
Precentral Gyrus --- primary motor area
Superior Frontal Gyrus
Middle Frontal Gyrus
Inferior Frontal Gyrus
Pars Opercularis
] Broca’s area (dominant hemisphere)
Pars Triangularis
Pars Orbitalis
Medial Surface
Medial Frontal Gyrus
Paracentral Lobule
Basal Surface
Rectus Gyrus
Orbital Gyrus
Inferior Frontal Gyrus
Gyri of the Cerebral Cortex (Lateral Surface)
Gyri of the Cerebral Cortex (Lateral Surface)
Broca’s area
Pars Opercularis
Pars Triangularis
Pars Orbitalis
Motor Homunculus
Broca’s Area
Pars triangularis
and pars
opercularis of the
inferior frontal
gyrus of dominant
hemisphere.
Photograph of the brain of
Broca’s patient called “Tan”
(real name is Leborgne).
Gyri of the Cerebral Cortex (Medial Surface)
Gyri of
the Cerebral Cortex
(basal surface)
Gyri of the Parietal Lobe
Lateral Surface
Postcentral Gyrus ---- primary somesthetic area
Superior Parietal Lobule
Inferior Parietal Lobule ---- Wernicke’s area
Supramarginal Gyrus
Angular Gyrus
Medial Surface
Paracentral Lobule
Precuneus
Gyri of the Cerebral Cortex (Lateral Surface)
Gyri of the Cerebral Cortex (Medial Surface)
Sensory Homunculus
Gyri of the Occipital Lobe
Lateral Surface
Lateral Occipital Gyrus
Superior Occipital Gyrus
Inferior Occipital Gyrus
Medial Surface
Cuneus
Lingual Gyrus
Basal Surface
Lingual Gyrus
Occipitotemporal Gyrus
Gyri of the Cerebral Cortex (Lateral Surface)
Gyri of the Cerebral Cortex (Medial Surface)
Gyri of
the Cerebral Cortex
(basal surface)
Gyri of the Temporal Lobe
Lateral Surface
Superior Temporal Gyrus
Middle Temporal Gyrus
Inferior Temporal Gyrus
Basal Surface
Lingual Gyrus
Occipitotemporal Gyrus
Medial Occipitotemporal Gyrus
Lateral Occipitotemporal Gyrus
Gyri of the Cerebral Cortex (Lateral Surface)
Gyri of the Limbic Lobe
Outer Ring
Cingulate Gyrus
Isthmus of Cingulate Gyrus
Parahippocampal Gyrus
Uncus, Uncinate Gyrus
Inner Ring
Hippocampal Formation
Hippocampus, Ammon's Horn
Dentate Gyrus
Fasciolar Gyrus
Indusium Griseum (Supracallosal Gyrus)
Paraterminal Gyrus (Subcallosal Gyrus)
Subcallosal Area (Parolfactory Area)
Gyri of the Cerebral Cortex (Medial Surface)
1
3
4
2
5
Structures of the Lateral Surface of the Brain
3
2
4
1
Structures of the Medial Surface of the Brain
2
1
Structures of the Basal Surface of the Brain
Insula of Reil
Structures around the Limbic Lobe
1
3
2
Structures of the Limbic Lobe
1
2
3
Structures of the Limbic Lobe
2
3
1
Structures of Fornix
6
7
5
8
1
23
4
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Uncus
Hippocampus
Fimbria
Crus
Commissure
Corpus
Column
Mammillary body
Cerebral White Matter
Projection fiber
Corona radiata
Commissural fiber
Corpus callosum
rostrum, genu, trunk, splenium
Anterior commissure
Commissure of fornix
Association fiber
Short association fiber
Long association fiber
Fibers of Cerebral White Matter (coronal section)
1. Corpus callosum
2. Internal capsule
3. Superior occipitofrontal
fasciculus
4. Superior longitudinal
fasciculus
5. Inferior occipitofrontal
fasciculus
6. Cingulum
7. Uncinate fasciculus
8. Inferior longitudinal
fasciculus
Embryonic (developmental) divisions of the Brain
Primary vesicle
Secondary vesicle
telencephalon
Prosencephalon
Mesencephalon
Rhombencephalon
Derivatives
Cerebral cortex
Cerebral white matter
Basal ganglia
diencephalon
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Subthalamus
Epithalamus
mesencephalon
Midbrain
metencephalon
Cerebellum
Pons
myelencephalon
Medulla oblongata