Download Human Brain Damage

Differential areas of the cortex
(generally) and visual cortex
(specifically)
• A: Species difference of size between Owl
monkey, macaque, Chimp and human of the
neocortex.
• B: Surface area differences between mouse,
macaque and human.
General cause
•
•
•
•
Stroke
Penetrating wounds
Trauma to the head
Ichemia
Stroke
• Break of a blood vessel in the brain from any
cause. Blood is poisoness to brain tissue.
Blood pools, hematoma, causes pressure on
the brain and poisons the brain.
Penetrating Wounds
• 2nd largest category of brain injury next to
idiopathic ( of unknown origin).
Head Trauma
• Physical trauma to the head leading to the
brain being force against the skull rapidly
leading to concussions.
Ischemia
• Transient mechanical blocking of a blood
vessel leading to starvation of brain tissue.
Human Brain Damage Behavior Deficit
•
•
•
•
Amnesia
Apraxia
Agnosia
Ataxia
Amnesia
• Two types:
•
Antigrade – Forgetting forward in time from
the time of the accident.
•
Retrograde – Backward in time from the
time of the accident
• Mainly, a problem of two areas of the brian:
the anterior and middle temporal (including
the hippocampus) lobe, and the prefrontal
cortex.
Agnosia
• The term means –not to know.
• Two types of visual:
• Associative agnosia: person cannot name the
object shown.
Apperceptive Agnosia
• A person who’s elementary visual perception
is damaged but retains visual acuity. Thought
to be involve early perception processing
areas of the vision, but not the primary visual
cortex.
Associative Agnosia
• The person recognizes the object, shows
knowledge of the object through other
sensory means. Must have sufficient
perceptual capacity to allow one to draw the
object, describe the object.
Brain areas
• Inferior temporal gyrus below the superior
temporal sulcus.
Apraxia
• Inability or incapable of executing a
purposeful voluntary movement, not
withstanding the preservation of muscular
power, sensibility and coordination.
• Commonly associated with parietal lesions in
monkeys and man.
Motor areas and temporal lobe areas
involved in speech
• Broca’s area: above the Sylvian fissure and just
anterior (rostral) to the central fissure.
• Wernicke’s area: At the end of the Sylvian
fissure including the ventral parietal area and
the anterior lateral occipital area