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Regional anatomy of lower limb
The anterior and medial regions
of the thigh
Ling Shucai
Main Contents
1. Surface anatomy
表面解剖
2. The superficial structures
浅层结构
Superficial veins 浅静脉
Superficial lymph vessels 浅淋巴结
Cutaneous nerves
皮神经
3. The deep structures
深层结构
The deep fascia
深筋膜
The muscles
肌肉
The vessels
血管
The nerves
神经
4. Regional anatomy 局部解剖
Lacuna musculorum and lcuna vasorum 肌腔隙和血管腔隙
Femoral triangle 股三角
Adductor canal 收肌管
1. The superficial structures
Superficial structures－superficial fascia
Superficial arteries:



superficial epigastric a. 腹壁浅动脉
superficial iliac circumflex a. 旋髂浅动脉
external pudendal a. 阴部外动脉
Superficial veins－great saphenous v. 大隐静脉





superficial epigastric v. 腹壁浅静脉
superficial iliac circumflex v. 旋髂浅静脉
external pudendal v. 阴部外静脉
superficial medial femoral v. 股内侧浅静脉
superficial lateral femoral v. 股外侧浅静脉
Superficial inguinal lymph nodes: 腹股沟浅淋巴结


superior group 上组
inferior group 下组
Cutaneous nerves:


lateral femoral cutaneous n. 股外侧皮神经
anterior and medial cutaneous branches of femoral n. 股神经前、
内侧皮支
Superficial epigastric v.
Superficial circumflex iliac v.
External pudendal v.
Superficial medial femoral v.
Superficial lateral femoral v.
Great saphenous v.
2. The deep structures
Deep structures
Fascia lata and iliotibial tract 大腿阔筋膜和髂胫束
Muscles
Deep vessels, nerves and lymph nodes
Fascia lata and iliotibial tract 大腿阔筋膜和髂胫束
Iliotibial tract 髂胫束
Saphenous hiatus 隐静脉裂孔
falciform margin 镰状缘
cribriform fascia 筛筋膜
Muscles
Muscles of hip
anterior group



Iliopsoas 髂腰肌
psoas minor 腰小肌
tensor fasciae latae
阔筋膜张肌
Muscles of thigh
Anterior group
Sartorius 缝匠肌
Quadriceps 股四头肌

Rectus femoris
股直肌

Vastus medialis
股内侧肌

Vastus lateralis
股外侧肌

Vastus intermedius 股中间肌
Medial group
Pectineus 耻骨肌
Adductor longus 长收肌
Adductor brevis 短收肌
Adductor magnus大收肌
Gracilis 股薄肌
adduct thigh at hip joint
Deep arteries
Femoral a. 股动脉
deep femeral a. 股深动脉
medial and lateral femoral
circumflex 旋股内、外侧动脉
perforating arteries
穿动脉
deep femeral a.
Deep veins
external iliac v.
femoral v.
popliteal v.
anterior and posterior
tibial v.
Nerves
Femoral n.
Obturator n.
3. Regional anatomy
Lacuna musculorum and lcuna vasorum
肌腔隙和血管腔隙
Lacuna musculorum 肌腔隙
Bounded by lateral
portion of inguinal
ligament anteriorly, ilium
posterolaterally,
iliopectinal arch medially
Contents: iliopsoas,
femoral n. and lateral
femoral cutaneous n.
Lateral femoral cutaneous n.
Iliopsoas
Femoral n.
Iliopectinal arch
Lacuna vasorum
血管腔隙
Femoral a.
Femoral v.
Femoral ring
Bounded by medial portion
of inguinal ligament
anteriorly, pectineal
ligament posteromedially,
lacunar ligament medially,
and iliopectinal arch
posterolaterally
Contents:
femoral sheath, femoral a.
and v., genital branch of
genitofemoral n. and
lymphatic vessels, femoral
ring
Femoral triangle 股三角
This triangle is bounded by: the
inguinal ligament (base) superiorly;
the medial border of sartorius
laterally; the medial border of
adductor longus medially. Inferiorly,
the apex of the triangle is
continuous with adductor canal.
The anterior wall is fascia lata
The posterior wall consists of
adductor longus, pectineus and
iliopsoas , from medial to lateral
side.
Contents of the femoral triangle
1. The femoral artery and its
branches－the profunda
femoris artery，The lateral
and medial circumflex arteries，
The deep external pudendal．
2. The femoral vein and its
tributaries.
3. Three or four deep inguinal
lymph nodes lie along the
medial side of the femoral vein.
4. The femoral nerve.
5. The femoral canal.
Femoral sheath 股鞘
The femoral sheath is a funnelshaped sheath , derived from
transversalis fascia anteriorly
and iliac fascia posteriorly. It
surrounds the femoral vessels
and lymphatic about 2.5cm
belower the inguinal ligament.
Its lower end disappears at the
lower margin of the saphenous
opening where the sheath fuses
with the adventitia of the
vessels.
The femoral sheath is divided into three
compartments by two fibrous septa. The femoral
artery occupies the lateral compartment of the
sheath. The femoral vein lies the middle
compartment. The medial compartment is small,
called the femoral canal.
The femoral canal 股管
It is about 1.3cm long , and its
upper opening is called the
femoral ring 股环.
The boundaries of the
femoral ring are:
inguinal ligament 腹股沟韧带
lacunar ligament 腔隙韧带
pecten of pubis 耻骨梳
femoral vein 股静脉
The canal contains a little
loose fatty tissue, a small
lymph node, and some lymph
vessels.
Femoral hernia 股疝
A femoral hernia is common in women than in men
(possibly due to a wider pelvis and femoral canal ). If a
loop of intestine is forced into the femoral ring, it
expands to form a swelling in the upper part of the thigh.
Adductor canal 收肌管
Extends from apex of femoral
triangle to adductor hiatus
Bounded by vastus medialis
laterally, adductors longus and
magmus posteriorly, and adductor
lamina and sartorius anteriorly
Contents – saphenous nerve,
femoral a., femoral v., lymphatic
vessels, and loose connective
tissue
思考题
1. 试述大隐静脉的注入部位、主要属支及其收集范围。
2. 试述股三角的境界（上、外、内侧、前壁、底）各有哪些
结构，通过股三角的血管神经有哪些？
3. 试述股动脉的主要分支。
4. 试述股部肌肉的分群、神经支配及损伤表现。
5. 试述肌腔隙和血管腔隙的境界及通过的结构。
6. 名词解释：股鞘、股管、股环、股疝