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UAA, Cody Augdahl, 2005
Purves, Neuroscience, 2004
Circle of Willis
Major Arteries
Major Arteries
Ganglionic Arteries
Cortical Supply
Deep Regions of Cortical Supply
Aphasias
• Early studies revealed that damage to
each of two cortical areas; one in the
lateral frontal region and the other in the
posterior superior temporal lobe, was
associated with language impairment.
• Aphasia is a defect in language
processing caused by dysfunction of the
dominant hemisphere
Aphasias
• Connections through the corpus
callosum incorporate the non-dominant
hemisphere in both recognition and
production of the affective elements of
speech
• Difficulty with intended tone of other’s
voice as well as appropriate expression
of their own voice
Aphasias
• Disorders Commonly Mistaken for Aphasia–
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–
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Speech Production Disorders- dysarthria, mutism
Auditory Disorders
Defects in Arousal and Attention
Psychiatric Disorders- schizophrenia, conversion
disorders, somatoform disorders
– Uncooperative Patient
Wernicke’s Area
• Area- Brodmann 22 (adjacent to primary
auditory cortex)
• Posterior 2/3rds of Superior Temporal
Gyrus in Dominant Hemisphere
• Initial steps of the processing of
language, identification of sound
sequences for meaningful
comprehension
Wernicke’s Aphasia
• Impaired Comprehension
• Paraphasic Errors - inappropriate
substitutions, or a part of a word
• Neologisms (nonwords)
• Difficulty naming
• Usually unaware of their deficit
(anosognosia)
Broca’s Area
• Areas Brodmann 44-45
• Inferior Frontal Gyrus in Dominant
Hemisphere
• Motor program that activates particular
sequences of sounds to produce words
• The articulation of sounds (speech) originates
from the face area of the primary motor cortex
Broca’s Aphasia
• Decreased Fluency of Spontaneous Speech
– Phrase length < 5 words
– Content words (nouns) > Function Words
(prepositions, articles)
– Naming difficulties
– Aware of their deficit
– Global Aphasia?
Communication between Wernicke’s and
Broca’s Areas
• Subcortical White
Matter Pathway
called the Arcuate
Fasciculus
Neuroscience, 2006
Case Studies
Regions, Vessels and Function
Cortical Supply
Deep Regions of Cortical Supply
Ganglionic Arteries
Major Arteries
Blumenfeld, 2002
let’s move a bit out of the brain……