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MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY ANATOMY Al Ma`arefa College Objectives: Describe the anatomical position of the body and discuss its significance in the science of medicine Describe anatomical planes of body Explain why directional terms are relative and must be used in reference to body structures or a body in anatomical position. Explain how anatomical terms are derived ANATOMIC TERMINOLOGY ANATOMICAL POSITION ANATOMICAL PLANES ANATOMICAL ADJECTIVES ANATOMICAL MOVEMENTS ANATOMIC POSITION All structures are described and named with reference to the anatomical position. In the anatomical position, the body is Standing erect The eyes look straight to the front Face and palms of the hands directed forwards The upper limbs hang by the sides of trunk The lower limbs are parallel with the feet together and the toes pointing forwards ANATOMIC PLANES Median Sagittal ( Midsagittal ) Plane: A vertical plane passing between the anterior midline and posterior midline, dividing the body into right & left halves. Parasagittal ( Paramedian ) Plane: Any plane parallel to median sagittal plane ANATOMIC PLANES coronal vertical, perpendicular to median Horizontal (transverse) parallel to floor, perpendicular to median, coronal ANATOMIC ADJECTIVES Are arranged as pairs of opposites Anterior (Ventral ) & Posterior (Dorsal ) Anterior: Towards the front of the body Posterior: Towards the back of the body ANATOMIC ADJECTIVES Are arranged as pairs of opposites Superior( Cranial ) & Inferior (Caudal ) Superior: Towards the head Inferior: Towards the feet ANATOMIC ADJECTIVES CONT. Proximal & Distal Proximal: Nearer the trunk Distal: Away from the trunk ANATOMIC ADJECTIVES CONT. Medial & Lateral Medial: Towards the midline of the body Lateral: Away from the midline of the body ANATOMIC ADJECTIVES CONT. Superficial & Deep Superficial: Nearer the surface of the body Profundus (Deep): Away from the surface of the body ANATOMIC ADJECTIVES CONT. Central & Peripheral Central: Towards the central axis of the body Peripheral: Away from the central axis of the body ANATOMIC ADJECTIVES CONT. Ipsilateral & Contralateral Ipsilateral: Of the same side Contralateral: Of the Opposite side ANATOMIC ADJECTIVES CONT. Flexor Surface & Extensor Surface Flexor Surface: The anterior surface in the upper limb and the posterior surface in the lower limb Extensor surface: The posterior surface in the upper limb and the anterior surface in the lower limb ANATOMIC ADJECTIVES CONT. Palmar & Dorsal Surfaces of Hand Palmar Surface: Anterior surface Dorsal Surface: Posterior surface ANATOMIC ADJECTIVES CONT. Planter & Dorsal Surfaces of Foot Planter Surface: Lower surface Dorsal Surface: Upper surface ANATOMIC MOVEMENTS Flexion & Extension Flexion: approximation of flexor surface of the adjoining parts and thus reduces the angle of the joint. Extension: approximation of extensor surface of the adjoining parts and thus increases the angle of the joint. ANATOMIC MOVEMENTS Abduction & Adduction Abduction: Moving the part away from the body Adduction: Moving the part towards the body ANATOMIC MOVEMENTS CONT. Medial & Lateral Rotation Medial Rotation: Inwards rotation Lateral Rotation: Outwards rotation ANATOMIC MOVEMENTS CONT. Circumduction: Combination in sequence of the movements of flexion, extension, abduction and adduction ANATOMIC MOVEMENTS CONT. Pronation & Supination of Forearm Pronation: Rotation of the forearm so that the palm is turned backwards Supination: Rotation of the forearm so that the palm is turned forwards ANATOMIC MOVEMENTS CONT. Dorsiflexion & Planterflexion of Foot Dorsiflexion: Upward flexion of the foot Planterflexion: Downward flexion of the foot ANATOMIC MOVEMENTS CONT. Inversion and Eversion of foot Inversion : movement of the sole of foot in which sole faces inwards or medially Eversion: movement of the sole of foot in which sole faces outwards or laterally Terms used to describing vessels Arteries Veins Capillaries Anastomosis Term used for describing bony feature Elevation Linear elevation Sharp elevation Rounded or irregular elevation Depressions Pit, impression, fovea, fossa, groove, notch Openings Smooth articular surface Facet, condyle, head, capitulum or trochlea THANKS