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Introduction The organs: - Paired of Ovaries (Gonads). - paired of Uterine tube (oviduct). - Uterus (metrium) . - Vagina. -Vestibule and Vulva. * Reproductive track is surrounding by The Peritoneum which form the Broad Ligament. ovary - Ovary round in shape or oval ,may nodular. - function: - maturation of the female germ cells. - hormone production . - visceral peritoneal covering of the ovary called superficial epithelium . - tunica albuginia is a condensed connective tissue underlying the epithelium of ovary . Ovary Ovary divide into - Cortex : - outer zone of the ovary .(opposite in mare ). - composed of follicles ,corpora lutea,connective tissue. - Medulla: - central area of ovary. opposite in mare ). - contain blood vessels,nerves,lymphatics,smooth muscles, and connective tissue. - In bitch ,queen and mare ,ovary located caudal to the kidney in the sublumbar region . - Cow ,ewe, and sow at pelvic inlet. - Ovulation fossa : its central depression in the mares ovary where ovulation takes place. Uterine tube - or oviduct, fallopian tube . - run from ovary to the tip of uterine horn. - convey the oocyte or fertilized egg from ovary to the uterus . - site of fertilization . - compose from : - infundibulum, ampulla and isthmus. - there are opening in the uterine tube open in the center of the infundibulum, it only opening of peritoneal cavity (not in male ). - Fimbriae is - irregular , finger-like projection on free edge of infundibulum . - it pick up the oocyte and direct it to the infundibulum . -infundibulum is expanded ,funnel-shaped ovarian end of the uterine tube . Ovarian tube Ovarian tube - Ampulla:• Middle part . • has large diameter compared to isthmus. • Where the Fertilization process occurs . - Isthmus: * The part closet to Uterine Horn and connected to it. * Thicker than the Ampulla. Ovarian tube • Tow Junction : 1. Ampullary-isthemaic Junction : • between the Ampulla's and the Isthmus. 2. Uterotubal Junction : (salpinogouterine) • between the Ampulla's and the Uterine Horn. • is Gradual in Ruminant and Pigs . Uterine tube Ovarian tube -uterine horn : -two musculomembranous extension of the uterine body . -located entirely in the abdomen . -Dogs and sow have very long horns compared to the body .-mare : short horns equal to the uterine body . -cow and ewe : *long horn and short body . *end of the uterine horn are coiled up like ram horns and continue back parallel to each other . *there intercornual ligaments(dorsal and ventral )giving false impression of a long uterine body . Long horn and short body short horns equal to the uterine body dog sow genitalia have very long horns compared to the body Uterus - highly expanded tubular organ . - where the embryo or fetus developed - compose from : - uterine horn . - body. - cervix. - cervical canal . . Uterine Body - between the cervix and uterine horns. - open into uterine horns and cervix . - lies dorsal to urinary bladder and ventral to the descending colon and rectum . Uterus - Functions • • • • • Sperm transport Nourish early embryo Site of embryo implantation Expulsion of fetus and fetal placenta Secretion of PGF2α in absence of fetus Bicornuate uterus : • 1.this type in Ruminant. • 2. have long Uterine horns and small Uterine Body. Cervix - constricted caudal part of the uterus joining the uterus to the vagina . -usually located in pelvic cavity . - have rings cow: 3-4 rings . dog: 5 rings . ewe: 6-7 rings Cervix – Function -Isolates uterus and fetus from external environment -Passage for sperm -Sperm filter -Sperm reservoir Cervical canal - Canal through cervix ,secrete mucous . - have internal uterine ostium and external uterine ostium . - closed except during estrous and birth. - in mare and dogs there a simple cervix bulging into the vagina ( portio vaginalis ) form distinct vaginal recess or fornix. - in cow and ewe there very long cervix have transverse folds called spiral fold to interdigitate. - in sow ther a mound in canal called pulvini. Cervix spiral fold to interdigitate Vagina -between cervix and vulva . -with vestibule and vulva form : * female coupulatory organ . *birth canal . Hymen : vestigial ,mucosal fold at the junction of the vagina and the vestibule . - Vaginal fornix (mare &sow):cranioventral recess formed by cervix bulging into vagina , in cow and ewe have craniodorsal recess. -by vaginal smear we can determine the stage of estrous . Vestibule - common part between urinary and genital system - connect vagina to the vulva . in mare and bitch vagina there organized erectile venous plexuses in vestibular walls called vestibular bulbs. - vestibular gland : open in vestibule and lubricate the reproductive organ . - cow , queen, and ewe have major vestibular glands called (glands of bartholin). -bitch ,mare, (ewe), and sow have minor vestibular glands. -external urethral orifice : the urethral opening at the vaginovestibular junction. - female urethra is a tube transporting urine from urinary bladder to vestibule through external urethral orifice. - urethral muscle : skeletal muscle covering the lateral and ventral sides of the urethra - in dog open on a papilla called urethral tubercle. - in sow and cow there suburethral diverticulum which is a blind pocket cranial ? and ventral to the external urethral opening . Suburethral diverticulum of ruminant Blood supply Vulva -The external orifice that terminate the genital tract . Labia -there right and left lips of the vulva . -vulver cleft : opening between the labia leading into vestibule . - The Labia : tow Labia 1. Labia minora: Inner folds , Small in ruminant . 2. Labia majora: Outer folds , Externally vulver cleft Innervation • Both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves supply the genital tract. • Innervations to the ovary by Sympathetic nerves from the aortiocorenal plexuses . • Innervations to the uterine tube by Sympathetic nerves from the aortiocorenal plexuses . • Innervations to the uterus by Sympathetic innervation arrives via the right and left Hypogastric n. which extend from the caudal mesenteric plexus to the pelvic plexus. Innervation • Innervation to the Vulva: – Autonomic innervation: • Both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves supply the vulva, extend from the Pelvic Plexus. – Somatic innervation * pudendal and GenitoFemoral nerves provide somatic sensory innervation to the Labia . Clitoris -homologue to male penis . -located in the ventral commissure of the vulva . -have left and right crura attached to ischiatic arch . -two crura form body of clitoris . -clitoris have glans which is the only exposed part . -clitoris lies in clitoris fossa surrounded by clitoral prepuce. -os clitoris :a homologue os penis found in bitch . Innervation • Innervation to the Clitoris : • the Dorsal nerve of the Clitoris (branch of pudendal nerve ) provide somatic sensory innervation . Broad ligament -fold of connecting peritoneum ,connecting the visceral peritoneum of the female reproductive tract to the parietal peritoneum of the abdominal wall. -in cow is attached along the pelvic inlet ,not to the dorsolateral abdominal wall. Subdivided into : mesovarium, mesosalpinx, and mesometrium. -mesovarium : cranial part of the broad ligament attaching the ovary to the dorsolateral abdominal wall. -blood supply to ovary travel through it . -in dog : proper ligament of ovary which it the caudal continuation of the mesovarium cranial free edge connecting the ovary to the end of uterine horn . -in dog there suspensory ligament of the ovary which is the mesovarium s cranial free edge attaching the ovary to the last rip. -mesosalpinx : the lateral fold arising from the mesovarium that hold the uterine tube between its two layers . -not attached directly to the abdominal wall. -small slit found in mesosalpinx of dog but cover all the ovary . -in cow ,sow and mare it is less extensive ,just draping over the ovary . -mesovarium and mesosalpinx form small peritoneal cavity into which projects the ovary called ovarian bursa . dog * Mesometrium - attaching the uterine horns and body to the dorsolateral body wall . - round ligament of the uterus : the caudal continuation of the proper ligament of the ovary ,extends through the inguinal canal . - Blood supply to uterus traveling through it .