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Cranial Nerves 101 The Nerves are Fun On Old Olympus’ Towering Tops ... • Say the names of the cranial nerves backwards in less than 60 seconds. • No,no,no. Not yrotcaflo, citpo, rotomoluco ... • Say them starting with the hypoglossal? Describe the brainstem exit, cranial exit and general functions of cranial nerves 1 - 6. Where are the olfactory receptors? What is the difference, if any between the olfactory nerve and the olfactory tract? Olfactory Nerve (SVA), Bulb and Tract • Olfactory Epithelium • Nerve and Cribiform Plate • Olfactory Bulb • Olfactory Tract to Piriform Cortex and Amygdala Optic System 101 • Retina • Optic Nerve (SSA), Chiasm, Tract • Thalamus (Lateral Geniculate Nucleus) and Visual Cortex • Superior Colliculus 3,4 and 6 • Oculomotor (GSE and GVE) – The Main Mover – Parasympathetic Too • Trochlear (GSE) – In and Down (If in, then down) – Two odd things – Trochlea of the Skull • Abducens (GSE) – All in a name Eyeball Kinesiology • Adduction -- Abduction • Elevation -- Depression • Torsion, Rotation(Medial and Lateral) Torsional Movements LR6SO4 • Lateral Rectus 6 – Abducts • Superior Oblique 4 – Depresses and adducts • All Others 3 – Superior and Inferior Rectus and Inferior Oblique – “All” except abduction Oculomotor Parasympathetic • Parasympathetic – Pre- and Postganglionic Fibers – Ciliary Ganglia (Motor) • Pupillary Reflex – 2+3=Constriction – Consensual Response • Accomodation Reflex Describe the brainstem exit, cranial exit and general functions of cranial nerves 7-12. In addition to moving the face, what else does the facial nerve do? Where would a lesion have to be to involve all of the functions of the facial nerve? The Full Facial • SVE – Muscles of Facial Expression • SVA – Taste Anterior 2/3 Tongue – Geniculate Ganglia (Sensory) and Solitary Nucleus • GVE=Parasympathetic – Superior Salivatory Nuc – Sphenopalatine Ganglia • Lacrimal Gland – Submandibular Ganglia • Lingual and Submandibular Glands • GSA? Describe the Anatomy of the Motor Part of the Facial Nerve. Describe the effects of an LMN lesion and an UMN lesion that affects this nerve. Upper and Lower Face Muscles • LMN Damage – Upper and Lower Ipsilateral Face Paralysis • UMN Damage – Only Lower Contralateral Face Paralysis The Labyrinth - Vestibule, Semicircular Canals, and Cochlea Semicircular Canals Vestibule Cochlea Primary Afferent Fibers • Hair Cell Receptors • Cochlear Duct – Spiral Ganglia – Cochlear Nuclei – Damage = Ipsilateral Deafness Hair Cells Ganglia • Ampulla and Utricle (and Saccule) – Scarpa’s Ganglia – Vestibular Nuclei – Damage = Ipsilateral Imbalance Nucleus Vagus Nerve • Exit – Post Olivary Sulcus – Jugular Foramen • Functional Components – – – – – Speech and Swallowing Lower Motor Neuron _____________ Thorax and Abdomen Parasympathetic _____________ ANS Reflexes and Larynx Sensation Visceral Sensory _____________ Uvula and Epiglottis Taste _____________ External Auditory Meatus Touch and Pain _____________ Glossopharyngeal Nerve • Exit – Post Olivary Sulcus – Jugular Foramen • Functional Components – – – – – Lower Motor Neuron _____________ Parasympathetic _____________ Salivation - Parotid Gland ANS Reflexes and Pharynx Sensation Visceral Sensory _____________ Taste _____________ Posterior 1/3 Tongue Touch and Pain _____________ External Ear “Swallowing” The Gag Reflex ? • Sensory Part – Glossopharyngeal • Motor Part – Vagus • And Uvula Deviation cn10 cn9 Explain the different effects of UMN and LMN lesions of the hypoglossal nerve on tongue protrusion. Damage to Cranial Nerve 12 • Damage to the Lower Motor Neuron – Damage to Nerve or Nucleus – Tongue Deviate Toward the Lesion • Damage to the Upper Motor Neurons – Damage to Corticobulbar Fibers – Tongue Deviates Away from the Lesion Hypoglossal Lower Motor Neuron Damage • Tongue Deviates Toward the Lesion – Damage to the Nucleus – Damage to the Nerve – Deviates to the Weak Side Hypoglossal Upper Motor Neuron Damage • Tongue Deviates Away from the Lesion • Damage to Axons from the Cerebral Cortex – Motor Cortex (Lateral) – Internal Capsule – Corticobulbar Fibers • Contralateral Termination Upper Motor Neuron Lesion • The Contralateral Tongue cannot Push! • Deviates to the Weak Side The Grand Finale • • • • • The Case Faculty Evaluation Golden Neuron Quiz Your Questions Please Office Hours – 12 - 2 Th and Friday – Email for Appointment next week – Email questions