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Transcript 
PowerPoint® Lecture Slide Presentation
by Patty Bostwick-Taylor,
Florence-Darlington Technical College
The Skeletal
System
5
PART B
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Bone Fractures
 Fracture—break in a bone
 Types of bone fractures
 Closed (simple) fracture—break that does not
penetrate the skin
 Open (compound) fracture—broken bone
penetrates through the skin
 Bone fractures are treated by reduction and
immobilization
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Common Types of Fractures
Table 5.2
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Repair of Bone Fractures
 Hematoma (blood-filled swelling) is formed
 Break is splinted by fibrocartilage to form a callus
 Fibrocartilage callus is replaced by a bony callus
 Bony callus is remodeled to form a permanent
patch
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Stages in the Healing of a Bone Fracture
Hematoma
Internal
callus
(fibrous
tissue and
cartilage)
External
callus
Bony
callus of
spongy
bone
New
blood
vessels
Healed
fracture
Spongy
bone
trabecula
Hematoma
formation
Fibrocartilage
callus formation
Bony callus
formation
Bone remodeling
Figure 5.5
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Stages in the Healing of a Bone Fracture
Hematoma
Hematoma
formation
Figure 5.5, step 1
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Stages in the Healing of a Bone Fracture
Hematoma
External
callus
Internal
callus
(fibrous
tissue and
cartilage)
New
blood
vessels
Spongy
bone
trabecula
Hematoma
formation
Fibrocartilage
callus formation
Figure 5.5, step 2
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Stages in the Healing of a Bone Fracture
Hematoma
External
callus
Internal
callus
(fibrous
tissue and
cartilage)
Bony
callus of
spongy
bone
New
blood
vessels
Spongy
bone
trabecula
Hematoma
formation
Fibrocartilage
callus formation
Bony callus
formation
Figure 5.5, step 3
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Stages in the Healing of a Bone Fracture
Hematoma
Internal
callus
(fibrous
tissue and
cartilage)
External
callus
Bony
callus of
spongy
bone
New
blood
vessels
Healed
fracture
Spongy
bone
trabecula
Hematoma
formation
Fibrocartilage
callus formation
Bony callus
formation
Bone remodeling
Figure 5.5, step 4
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
The Axial Skeleton
 Forms the longitudinal axis of the body
 Divided into three parts
 Skull
 Vertebral column
 Bony thorax
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
The Axial Skeleton
Figure 5.6a
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
The Axial Skeleton
Figure 5.6b
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
The Skull
 Two sets of bones
 Cranium
 Facial bones
 Bones are joined by sutures
 Only the mandible is attached by a freely movable
joint
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Human Skull, Lateral View
Figure 5.7
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Human Skull, Superior View
Figure 5.8
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Human Skull, Inferior View
Figure 5.9
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Human Skull, Anterior View
Figure 5.11
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Paranasal Sinuses
 Hollow portions of bones surrounding the nasal
cavity
 Functions of paranasal sinuses
 Lighten the skull
 Give resonance and amplification to voice
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Paranasal Sinuses
Figure 5.10a
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Paranasal Sinuses
Figure 5.10b
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
The Hyoid Bone
 The only bone that does not articulate with
another bone
 Serves as a moveable base for the tongue
 Aids in swallowing and speech
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
The Hyoid Bone
Figure 5.12
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
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