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STUDY GUIDE for Soils Test S3E1c Observe Soils Use observation to compare the similarities and differences of texture, particle size, and color in top soils S3E1d Changes in Rocks/Soils Determine how water and wind can change rocks and soil over time using observation and research Clay: a type of soil made from certain types of rock dust Loam: a type of soil that is a mixture of sand, humus, and clay that is good for plant growth Humus: the part of soil made up of broken pieces of dead plants and animals Silt: soil with grains of rock that are too small to be seen with your eyes alone Sand: soil with grains of rock that you can see with your eyes alone and a type of soil that does not hold water very well Organic matter: parts of soil formed from decaying plants and animals Particle size: the size of the tiny pieces that make up soil types Topsoil: the uppermost layer of soil Erosion: the movement of weathered materials by water, wind, or ice Weathering: the breaking down of rock The soil grains from largest to smallest are: sand, silt, and clay Many farms have loam soil. Silt soil is made up of powdery grains of rock. The 4 things that make up soil are: 1. Water 2. Air 3. Tiny pieces of rock 4. Humus