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Muscles of
the Body
Mr. Nichols
PHHS
Naming skeletal muscles (examples)
 Location: brachialis is in arm (brachium = arm)
 Shape: deltoid is triangular (delta = triangle)
 Size: minimus (smallest), longus (long), brevis
(short)
 Direction of fascicles and fibers: rectus (straight);
transversus (right angle) and oblique (oblique) to
midline
 Number of origins: biceps (“two heads”), triceps
(“three heads”), quadriceps (“four heads”)
 Action: “flexor,” “extensor,” “adductor” or
“abductor” appear in the name
 Combinations of the above, e.g. extensor carpi
radialis longus
to use for studying...
anterior
Text
Text
posterior
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Mastication:
•Jaw closure: masseter
and temporalis
•Side to side grinding:
pterygoids
•Buccinator: compresses
cheek
“glossus” = tongue
Extrinsic tongue muscles
Tongue itself (instrinsic muscles): digestive tract section
Deep chewing muscles
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Pharyngeal constrictors
Muscles of the Anterior Neck
Above hyoid (suprahyoid): form floor of oral cavity, anchor tongue,
elevate hyoid, move larynx superiorly during swallowing
Below hyoid (infrahyoid): depress hyoid and larynx during swallowing
and speaking
Right side (of
slide) is deeper
than left
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Sternocleodomastoid
Neck
Anterolateral neck
Scalenes elevate first 2 ribs
Posterior neck
Splenius’ (capitis and cervicis)
extend head
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Deep muscles of back
Right side:
deeper
Quadratus lumborum
(lateral flexion)
Erector spinae
(extend back):
Iliocostalis
Longissimus
Spinalis
Labeled cervicis,
thoracics, lumborum
depending on where they
are
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Anterior Chest Muscles
Superficial:
Deeper:
sternocleidomastoid
pectoralis major
pectoralis minor
serratus anterior
subclavius
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Muscles moving the scapula
trapezius
levator scapulae
rhomboids
posterior
9 Muscles crossing shoulder joint:
movement of arm (humerus)
Three most powerful of the nine and prime movers:
pectoralis major
latissimus dorsi
deltoid
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Rotator cuff
supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, teres minor
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remaining 2muscles : teres major and coracobrachialis
Forearm extensors (posterior)
 Triceps brachii
 Anconeus helps
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Forearm flexors (anterior)
Brachioradialis
Brachialis
Biceps brachii
3 muscle on right
18 from this site:
http://www.rad.washington.edu/atlas/
Anterior wrist pronator and flexors
Origin on medial epicondle of humerus: pronator teres, flexor carpi
radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum
superficialis
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http://www.rad.washington.edu/academics/academic-sections/msk/muscle-atlas
Deep anterior
hand muscles
(some)
 Flexor pollicis
longus
 Flexor digitorum
profundus (only
muscle that
flexes DIPs)
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Flexor digitorum
superficialis
Individually
(this is right arm, anterior)
Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus
Pronator quadratus
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origin on lateral
epicondyl of humerus
 Extensor carpi radialis
(longus & brevis)
 Extensor digitorum
 Extensor carpi ulnaris
See individually in next slide
Superficial extensors
Extensor carpi
radialis longus
Extensor digitorum
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Deep posterior muscles
Abductor
pollicis longus
Supinator
Extensor pollicis
longus & brevis
Extensor indicis
http://www.rad.washington.edu/academics/academic-sections/msk/muscle-atlas
Hand
 Thenar
 Hypothenar
 Midpalmar
 Lumbricals
 Interossei
Te
Thenar and hypothenar muscles
http://www.rad.washington.edu/academics/
academic-sections/msk/muscle-atlas
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Right forearm, anterior view, from superficial to deep
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Right forearm, posterior, from superficial to deep
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Muscles that flex thigh at hip
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Sartorius
Iliopsoas
Tensor fasciae lata
Rectus femoris (only
quad with origin on
pelvis)
Pectineus (medial
compartment)
Muscles that flex thigh at hip: individually
(go between last slide and this one)
Iliopsoas
Pectineus
Tensor fascia lata
Sartorius
Rectus
femoris
Inserts on tibial
tuberosity via
patellar tendon
Thigh extensors
(posterior)
Arise posterior to hip joint
_______
 Gluteus maximus
 Hamstrings (cross hip
and knee joints: extend
thigh & flex knee)
 Biceps femoris
 Semitendinosus
 Semimembranosus
(antagonists of quads)
http://www.rad.washington.edu/academics/academic-sections/msk/muscle-atlas
Hamstrings
Biceps femoris
long head
cross hip and knee joints:
extend thigh and flex knee
Biceps
femoris
short head
Semitendinosus Semimembranosus
http://www.rad.washington.edu/academics/academic-sections/msk/muscle-atlas
Abductors of thigh
Buttocks muscles that
lie lateral to hip joint
 Gluteus medius
 Gluteus minimus
(under medius)
 Tensor fascia lata
Thigh abductors
Buttocks muscles that lie
lateral to the hip joint
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
http://www.rad.washington.edu/academics/academic-sections/msk/muscle-atlas
Lateral rotators
 Piriformis
 Also shown are other
rotators and the
gluteus muscles
Piriformis laterally rotates
hip; also helps abduct hip if
it is flexed
http://www.rad.washington.edu/academics/academic-sections/msk/muscle-atlas
Adduction of thigh
Muscles originate
medial to hip joint
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Gracilis
Adductor magnus
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Pectineus
Adductor magnus
Thigh adductors
(originate medial to hip joint)
Pectineus
Adductor brevis
Gracilis
Adductor longus
http://www.rad.washington.edu/academics/academic-sections/msk/muscle-atlas
Knee extensors
Quadraceps femoris –
the only extensors of
the leg (lower leg) at
the knee
 Rectus femoris (only
quad with origin on
pelvis)
Rectus
 Vastus lateralis femoris
 Vastus intermedius
 Vastus medialis
Antagonized by hamstrings
http://www.rad.washington.edu/academics/academic-sections/msk/muscle-atlas
Rectus femoris
(only quad with
origin on the
pelvis)
Quadriceps
Vastus
lateralis,
intermedius,
and
medialis
Note “o” and
“i”
Insert: tibial tuberosity
via patellar ligament
_________
http://www.rad.washington.edu/academics/academic-sections/msk/muscle-atlas
Leg (lower leg)
 3 compartments
 Anterior
 Posterior
 Lateral
 Movements at joints:
 Ankle
 Dorsiflex
 Plantarflex
 Intertarsal
 Inversion of foot
 Eversion of foot
 Toes
 Flex (point)
 Extend
Posterior compartment
of leg
 Superficial: these
plantarflex foot
 Gastrocnemius
 Soleus
 Plantaris
Posterior leg
Plantaris
Soleus
Gastrocnemius
http://www.rad.washington.edu/academics/academic-sections/msk/muscle-atlas
Posterior leg continued
 Deep
 Popliteus
 Flexor digitorum longus
 Flexor hallucis longus
 Tibilialis posterior
Deep posterior leg
Popliteus
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis
longus
Tibialis
posterior
http://www.rad.washington.edu/academics/academic-sections/msk/muscle-atlas
More pics
Extensor
hallucis
longus
Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
http://www.rad.washington.edu/academics/academic-sections/msk/muscle-atlas
Lateral compartment
of leg
 Fibularis (peroneus)
longus:
 to first metatarsal
and cuneiform
 Fibularis (peroneus)
brevis:
 to fifth metatarsal
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Sole – third (deepest) layer
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Most lateral abdominal muscle
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Most superior and medial of the back muscles.
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Most lateral of the hamstring muscles.
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Most medial of the quad muscles.
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Most superior of the scapular muscles
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Most superficial muscle of the abdomen
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Most ventral muscle of the calf
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Most lateral muscle of groin.
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Most medial of the hamstring muscles.
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Second most medial of the quad muscles.
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Middle most muscle in the groin muscle group.
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Muscle anterior of the soleus, and directly lateral of the rectus femoris.
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The calcaneal tendon attaches to this muscle.
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This back muscle runs the most ventrally.
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This muscle is superior of the soleus, posterior of the rectus abdomenis and
extends deep under the deltoid.
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This muscle is essential to move your leg away from your body.
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This muscle is the most commonly strained hamstring muscle.
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This is the more ventral of the calf muscles.
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