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Biology 232 – Physiology & Anatomy 1 Additional Slides for Lecture Exam #3 (With guided notes… be sure to look in the notes sections for PowerPoint in this document… these will be very helpful!) Wilder Penfield 1891 – 1976 Physician and Neuroscientist who mapped the brain in what became the “homunculus” Figure 12.9: Motor and sensory areas of the cerebral cortex, p. 438. Sensory Leg Motor Toes Face Genitals Lips Jaw Tongue Swallowing Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn Motor cortex (precentral gyrus) Intraabdominal Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Figure 12.5: Ventricles of the brain, p. 434. Lateral ventricle Lateral ventricle Third ventricle Anterior horn Septum pellucidum Third ventricle Posterior horn Cerebral aqueduct Interventricular foramen Inferior horn Cerebral aqueduct Fourth ventricle Fourth ventricle Median aperture Lateral aperture Central canal Central canal (a) Anterior view Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn (b) Left lateral view Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Figure 12.26: Formation, location, and circulation of CSF, p. 466. Superior sagittal sinus Superior cerebral vein Arachnoid villus Choroid plexus Cerebrum covered with pia mater Subarachnoid space Arachnoid mater Meningeal dura mater Periosteal dura mater Great cerebral vein Septum pellucidum Corpus callosum Interventricular foramen Tentorium cerebelli Straight sinus Confluence of sinuses Third ventricle Pituitary gland Cerebellum Choroid plexus Cerebral vessels that supply choroid plexus Cerebral aqueduct Lateral aperture Fourth ventricle Median aperture Central canal of spinal cord Spinal dura mater Inferior end of spinal cord Filum terminale (inferior end of pia mater) Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn (b) Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Figure 12.31b: Anatomy of the spinal cord, p. 473. Posterior funiculus White Anterior funiculus columns Lateral funiculus Posterior median sulcus Gray commissure Dorsal (posterior) horn Gray Ventral (anterior) horn matter Lateral horn Dorsal root ganglion Spinal nerve Dorsal root Ventral root Central canal Anterior median fissure Pia mater Arachnoid Spinal mater (b) Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Figure 13.12a: Dermatomes, p. 518. C2 C3 C4 C5 T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 T9 T10 T11 L1 T12 L1 S2 S3 L2 L2 T2 C5 C6 C6 C7 C8 C5 C6 C8 L3 L3 L4 L4 L5 S1 T2 C6 C7 L5 S1 (a) Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Figure 13.12b: Dermatomes, p. 518. C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 T9 T10 C6 C5 C6 T11 T12 C7 L1 S1 L3 C8 S2 L5 S3 S4 S5 C7 C8 L2 L4 S1 S2 S2 S1 L1 L5 L2 L5 L3 L4 (b) Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn L4 L5 L4 L5 S1 Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Figure 14.2: Comparison of somatic and autonomic nervous systems, p. 534. Central nervous system Peripheral nervous system Effector organs Acetylcholine Somatic nervous system Skeletal muscle Acetylcholine Sympathetic division Norepinephrine Smooth muscle (e.g., in gut) Ganglion Acetylcholine Autonomic nervous system Epinephrine and norepinephrine Blood vessel Glands Adrenal medulla Acetylcholine Cardiac muscle Parasympathetic division Ganglion Key: = Preganglionic axons (sympathetic) Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn = Postganglionic axons (sympathetic) = Myelination = Preganglionic axons (parasympathetic) = Postganglionic axons (parasympathetic) Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Figure 14.3: Overview of the subdivisions of the ANS, p. 536. Parasympathetic Sympathetic Eye Brain stem Salivary glands Heart Eye Skin* Cranial Sympathetic ganglia Salivary glands Cervical Lungs Lungs T1 Heart Stomach Thoracic Stomach Pancreas Pancreas Liver and gallbladder L1 Liver and gallbladder Adrenal gland Lumbar Bladder Bladder Genitals Genitals Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn Sacral Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Marshall Hall 1790 – 1857 English physiologist who first advanced the theory of how the reflex arc worked. Figure 13.14: The basic components of all human reflex arcs, p. 521. Spinal cord (in cross section) Stimulus 2 Sensory neuron 1 Receptor 4 Motor neuron Skin 3 Integration center Interneuron 5 Effector Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Sigmund Freud Figure 14.1: Place of the ANS in the structural organization of the nervous system, p. 533. CNS PNS Sensory division Sympathetic division Parasympathetic division Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn Motor division Autonomic nervous system Somatic nervous system Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Figure 14.8: Referred pain, p. 543. Heart Lungs and diaphragm Liver Gallbladder Gallbladder Heart Appendix Liver Stomach Pancreas Small intestine Ovaries Colon Kidneys Urinary bladder Ureters Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
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