Download The brain stem

Xiaoming Zhang
Zhejiang University
telencephalon
diencephalon
cerebellum
mid-brain
pons
Brain Stem
myelencephalon
The brain stem
Ⅰ. General features:
1. 3 parts: midbrain, pons and medulla
oblongata (from superior to inferior)
2. Position: spinal cord---Diencephalon--cerebellum
Ⅱ. External features:
1. Ventral surface of the brain stem
2. Dorsal surface of the brain stem
ventral surface
dorsal surface
Ⅲ. Internal structures:
A. General features:
Nuclei
cranial nerves
Somatic motor nucleus:
oculomotor nucleus,
trochlear nucleus,
abducentis nucleus,
hypoglossal nucleus
Visceral motor nucleus:
motor nucleus of trigeminal n.,
facial nucleus,
ambiguus,
spinal accessory nucleus,
accessory oculomotor nucleus,
superior salivatory nucleus,
inferior salivatory nucleus,
dorsal nucleus of vagus n.
visceral afferent
nucleus:
nucleus of solitary tract
somatic afferent
nucleus:
Mesencephalic
nucleus,
pontine nucleus
and spinal nucleus of
trigeminal n.
cochlear nuclei,
vestibular nuclei
The non-cranial nerve nuclei
gracile nucleus,
cuneate nucleus
superior colliculus,
inferior colliculus
red nucleus,
substantia nigra
(dopamine)
white matter of brain stem
The long ascending and
descending tracts
long ascending tracts:
1). Medial lemniscus
(fine touch and
proprioceptive sense)
2). Spinothalamic
Lemniscus
(superficial sensation)
3). Trigeminal lemniscus
(superficial sensation of
opposite side head and
facial )
4) lateral lemniscus
(Sense of hearing)
Descending tracts
pyramidal system
①corticospinal tract
lateral
anterior
②corticonuclear tract
formatio reticularis
keep waking state
nuclei of median raphe
（5-HT）。
Thank You