Download Review - Pegasus @ UCF

It’s just a matter of….
SEMANTICS
Words can “contain” 2 types of meaning
– Conceptual
• Basic, essential components of meaning conveyed by
the literal use of a word
• AKA: DENOTED MEANING
– Associative
• What people perceive the word being associated with
• AKA: CONNOTATIVE MEANING
What are your associative meaning for the words:
Change
Hope
Synonymy
• Synonyms are words with the same meaning.
• Big/large
cheap/inexpensive
• However, synonyms do not always have “total
sameness.”
• Context and associative meanings can make a
difference (thesauruses don’t always work).
Antonymy
• Antonyms are words with opposite meanings.
• Fast/slow
happy/sad
male/female
• Like synonyms, there are some differences.
Hyponymy
• When a meaning is assumed in the meaning
of another word, the relationship is hyponymy
• This occurs when a word belongs to a category
• “_______ is a kind of _________”
• For example, a car is a kind of vehicle
• These words are hyponymous
Homophones
• Words that have different written forms but
are pronounced in the same way
• “sound-alikes”
• Great/grate
break/brake
sale/sail
Homonymy
• Homonyms – when a written form has two or
more UNRELATED meanings
•
•
•
•
Bank
Fly
Club
Pen
part of a river
insect
social organization
writing instrument
financial institution
to look or be cool
blunt weapon
enclosed area
All of these pairs of meanings are very different – NOT related.
Polysemy
• Polysemy—when a written form has RELATED
meanings
Mark
Foot
Run
written symbol
at the end of your leg
moving quickly
visible impression
the end of a bed
water flowing
The meanings here are somewhat similar.
Word Play
• Usually used for comic effect
• Often possible because of polysemy or
homophones:
– Mary had a little lamb. (The nursery rhyme)
– Mary had a little lamb, some rice, and beans.
• This is a play on words using a POLYSEMOUS word.
–Why was 6 afraid of 7? Because 789.(ATE & EIGHT)
• This is a play on words using HOMOPHONES.
Collocations
• These are groups of words that “go together”
• These are based on our engrained sociocultural associations
Example:
Salt and ______.
Ladies and ______.
Also, usually occur in a fixed order:
“Blue , red and white” sounds funny
“gravy and biscuits”
Fill in the blank with the FIRST WORD that comes to your mind. (All examples
were taken from Folse, 2009.)
figure ____ (separable phrasal verb)
count ____ (non-separable phrasal verb)
grow ____ (intransitive phrasal verb)
introduce ____ (verb + preposition)
complain ____ (verb + preposition)
lose track ____ (idiom)
trouble ____ (noun + preposition)
____ love (preposition + noun)
once ____ a while (idiom)
married ____ (adjective + preposition)
_____ behalf of (three-word preposition)
_____ night (idiomatic phrase)
accustomed _____ (adjective + preposition)
_____ pressure (preposition + noun)