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THE SKIN OR INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Remember the outer portion of the skin is an example of what type of tissue? Epithelia Tissue FUNCTIONS OF THE SKIN • PROTECTION • THERMOREGULATION • CUTANEOUS SENSATION • PRODUCTION OF VITAMIN D • BLOOD RESERVOIR • EXCRETION LAYERS OF THE SKIN EPIDERMIS DERMIS HYPODERMIS EPIDERMIS • THICK • KERATINIZED • STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM • 4-5 SUBLAYERS LAYERS OF THE EPIDERMIS • STRATUM BASALE • STRATUM SPINOSUM • STRATUM GRANULOSUM • STRATUM LUCIDUM • STRATUM CORNEUM STRATUM BASALE • THE DEEPEST EPIDERMAL LAYER • A SINGLE ROW OF LIVING CELLS • RAPID CELL DIVISION • 10-25% OF THESE CELLS ARE MELANOCYTES STRATUM BASALE STRATUM SPINOSUM • SEVERAL LAYERS OF LIVING CELLS • CELL DIVISION IS SLOWER THAN BASALE STRATUM SPINOSUM STRATUM GRANULOSUM • THIN, LIVING LAYER OF CELLS • KERATINOCYTES WATERPROOF IN THIS LAYER STRATUM GRANULOSUM STRATUM LUCIDUM • DEAD CELLS • LOCATED ONLY IN THICK SKIN (PALMS OF HANDS & SOLES OF FEET) STRATUM LUCIDUM STRATUM CORNEUM • DEAD CELLS • SERVES TO PROTECT STRATUM CORNEUM THE DERMIS HAIR FOLLICLES, OIL & SWEAT GLANDS ARE FOUND HERE EPIDERMIS DERMIS HAIR & ITS FUNCTIONS • WARMTH; IT PREVENTS HEAT LOSS • DETECT INSECTS ON THE SKIN • PROTECTION • FILTER PARTICLES FACTS ABOUT HAIR • ABOUT 100,000 IN THE SCALP • ABOUT 30, 000 IN A MAN’S BEARD • RATE OF HAIR GROWTH AVERAGES 2 mm/WEEK • HAIR LOSS AVERAGES 90 HAIRS/DAY HAIR LOSS • ALOPECIA: HAIR THINNING AND BALDNESS CAUSES OF HAIR LOSS • HIGH FEVER • SURGERY • SEVERE EMOTIONAL TRAUMA • CERTAIN DRUGS • EXCESSIVE VITAMIN A • CHEMOTHERAPY DRUGS • RADIATION • GENETICS MOST IMPORTANT • POOR NUTRITION (ESPECIALLY LACK OF ENOUGH PROTEIN) • HORMONAL IMBALANCES
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