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Jeopardy Pathology Skin Pathology 1 Skin Pathology 2 Skin Pathology 3 Urinary Pathology Respiratory Pathology 100 100 100 100 100 100 200 200 200 200 200 200 300 300 300 300 300 300 400 400 400 400 400 400 500 500 500 500 500 500 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 Endocrine Pathology The Answer most common during adolescence, affecting more than 85% of teenagers, and frequently continues into adulthood. For most people it diminishes over time and tends to disappear—or at the very least decrease—after one reaches his or her early twenties. The Question The Question Acne Categories The Answer a skin disease caused by the infection of hair follicles, thus resulting in the localized accumulation of pus and dead tissue. The Question The Question Boil or furuncle Categories The Answer form of dermatitis, or inflammation of the upper layers of the skin. The Question The Question Eczema Categories The Answer a disorder which affects the skin and joints. It commonly causes red scaly patches to appear on the skin. The scaly patches caused by psoriasis, called psoriatic plaques, are areas of inflammation and excessive skin production. The Question The Question Psoriasis Categories The Answer a viral disease characterized by a painful skin rash with blisters in a limited area on one side of the body, often in a stripe. The initial infection with varicella zoster virus (VZV) causes the acute (shortlived) illness chickenpox, and generally occurs in children and young people. The Question The Question Herpes zoster (commonly known as shingles ) Categories The Answer an infection of the deep subcutaneous tissue of the skin. __________ can be caused by normal skin flora or by exogenous bacteria, and often occurs where the skin has previously been broken: cracks in the skin, cuts, blisters, burns, insect bites, surgical wounds, or sites of intravenous catheter insertion. The Question The Question Cellulitis Categories The Answer a skin condition, commonly caused by an allergic reaction, that is characterized by raised red skin wheals (welts). The Question The Question Urticaria (or hives) Categories The Answer a superficial bacterial skin infection most common among children 2 to 6 years old. People who play close contact sports such as rugby, American football and wrestling are also susceptible, regardless of age. The Question The Question Impetigo Categories The Answer most common tick-borne disease in the Northern Hemisphere. Borrelia is transmitted to humans by the bite of infected hard ticks belonging to several species of the genus Ixodes. Early manifestations of infection may include fever, headache, fatigue, depression, and a characteristic skin rash called erythema migrans. The Question The Question Lyme disease Categories The Answer a type of scar which results in an overgrowth of tissue at the site of a healed skin injury. ____________ are firm, rubbery lesions or shiny, fibrous nodules, and can vary from pink to flesh-colored or red to dark brown in color. The Question The Question Keloids Categories The Answer small benign tumor that forms primarily in areas where the skin forms creases, such as the neck, armpits and groin. They may also occur on the face, usually on the eyelids. Though larger have been seen, they usually range in size from grain of rice to that of a golf ball. The Question The Question Skin tag Categories The Answer an infection of the skin, characterized by a reddish to brownish raised or bumpy patch of skin that may be lighter in the center, giving the appearance of a “ring.” The Question The Question Ringworm Categories The Answer a chronic disease characterized by excessive deposits of collagen in the skin or other organs. The localized type of the disease, while disabling, tends not to be fatal. The Question The Question Scleroderma Categories The Answer generally a small, rough tumor, typically on hands and feet, that can resemble a cauliflower or a solid blister. They are common, and are caused by a viral infection, The Question The Question Warts Categories The Answer a common but often misunderstood condition that is estimated to affect over 45 million people worldwide. It affects white-skinned people of mostly north-western European descent, and has been nicknamed the 'curse of the Celts' by some in Britain and Ireland. It begins as erythema (flushing and redness) on the central face and across the cheeks, nose, or forehead but can also less commonly affect the neck and chest. The Question The Question Rosacea Categories The Answer a parasitic fungal infection of the epidermis of the human foot. The Question The Question Athlete's foot (Tinea Pedis) Categories The Answer are lesions caused by many factors such as: unrelieved pressure; friction; humidity; shearing forces; temperature; age; continence and medication; to any part of the body, especially portions over bony or cartilaginous areas such as sacrum, elbows, knees, ankles etc. The Question The Question Bedsores ( pressure ulcers or decubitus ulcers) Categories The Answer a burn to living tissue such as skin produced by overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, commonly from the sun's rays. Exposure of the skin to lesser amounts of UV will often produce a suntan. The Question The Question Sun Burn Categories The Answer infection of a part of or throughout the urinary tract, usually caused by bacteria. The Question The Question Urinary tract infection (UTI) Categories The Answer result from the buildup of crystallized salts and minerals such as calcium in the urinary tract. The Question The Question Kidney stones (nephrolithiasis) Categories The Answer any inflammation of the kidney. It can be caused by infection, an autoimmune disease (such as lupus), or it may be idiopathic (which means the exact cause may not be known or understood). ___________ is generally detected by high levels of protein and blood in the urine. The Question The Question Nephritis Categories The Answer condition in which urine abnormally flows backward (or refluxes) from the bladder into the ureters. It may even reach the kidneys, where infection and scarring can occur over time. The Question The Question Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) Categories The Answer an inflammation of the glomeruli, the parts of the filtering units (nephrons) of the kidney that contain a network of capillaries (tiny blood vessels). The Question The Question Glomerulonephritis Categories The Answer where the two kidneys are fused (connected) into one arched kidney that usually functions normally, but is more prone to develop problems later in life. This condition is found in 1 out of every 500 births. The Question The Question Horseshoe Kidney Categories The Answer a symptom of an illness, not an illness itself. There are many different types of _________ and many different causes, ranging from not-so-serious to life threatening. Some of the more common causes affecting kids and teens are the common cold, asthma, sinusitis, seasonal allergies, and pneumonia. The Question The Question Cough Categories The Answer an inherited disease affecting the lungs. ____________ causes mucus in the body to be abnormally thick and sticky. The mucus can clog the airways in the lungs and make a person more likely to get bacterial infections. The Question The Question Cystic fibrosis (CF) Categories The Answer an inflammation of the lungs, which usually occurs because of infection with a bacteria or virus. ___________ causes fever, inflammation of lung tissue, and makes breathing difficult because the lungs have to work harder to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream and remove carbon dioxide from the blood. The Question The Question Pneumonia Categories The Answer are caused by over 200 different viruses that cause inflammation in the upper respiratory tract. The __________ is the most common respiratory infection. Symptoms may include a mild fever, cough, headache, runny nose, sneezing, and sore throat. The Question The Question Common Cold Categories The Answer Over 20 million people have _________ in the United States, and it's the number-one reason that kids and teens chronically miss school. _________ is a long-term, inflammatory lung disease that causes airways to tighten and narrow when a person with the condition comes into contact with irritants such as cigarette smoke, dust, or pet dander. The Question The Question Asthma Categories The Answer the membranes lining the larger bronchial tubes become inflamed and an excessive amount of mucus is produced. The person with ___________ develops a bad cough to get rid of the mucus. The Question The Question Bronchitis Categories The Answer a condition in which the levels of thyroid hormones in the blood are very high. In kids and teens, the condition is usually caused by Graves' disease, an immune system problem that causes the thyroid gland to become very active. The Question The Question Hyperthyroidism Categories The Answer If the pituitary glands release hormones that stimulate the gonads to produce sex hormones too early, some kids may begin to go through puberty at a very young age. The Question The Question Precocious puberty Categories The Answer Diabetes that occurs during pregnancy. The Question The Question Gestational Diabetes Categories The Answer a condition in which the levels of thyroid hormones in the blood are very low. Thyroid hormone deficiency slows body processes and may lead to fatigue, a slow heart rate, dry skin, weight gain, constipation. Kids and teens with this condition may also grow more slowly and reach puberty at a later age. The Question The Question Hypothyroidism Categories The Answer When the pancreas fails to produce enough insulin, _________ occurs. In kids and teens, __________ is usually an autoimmune disorder, which means that some parts of the body's immune system attack and destroy the cells of the pancreas that produce insulin. To control their blood sugar levels and reduce the risk of developing diabetes problems, kids and teens with this condition need regular injections of insulin. The Question The Question Type 1 Diabetes Categories The Answer This condition occurs when the adrenal glands don't produce enough corticosteroids. The symptoms of adrenal insufficiency may include weakness, fatigue, abdominal pain, nausea, dehydration, and skin changes. The Question The Question Adrenal insufficiency Categories