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Milady Standard Cosmetology
Skin Disorders and Diseases
© 2012 Milady, a part of Cengage Learning
Disorders and Diseases of the Skin
Lesions of the Skin
• Lesion: Mark on the
skin that may indicate
an injury or damage
that changes the
structure of tissues or
organs.
• Can be as simple as
a freckle or as
dangerous as a skin
cancer.
• Can indicate skin
disorders or diseases
as well as other
internal diseases.
Disorders and Diseases of the Skin
Primary Lesions of the Skin
• Primary lesions:
Different color than
the color of the skin
and/or lesions that
are raised above the
surface of the skin.
• Bulla
• Cyst
• Macule
Disorders and Diseases of the Skin
Primary Lesions of the Skin
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Nodule
Papule
Pustule
Tubercle
Tumor
Vesicle
Wheal
Disorders and Diseases of the Skin
Secondary Lesions
• Secondary skin
lesions:
Characterized by
piles of material on
the skin surface, such
as a crust or scab, or
by depressions in the
skin surface, such as
an ulcer.
Disorders of the Sebaceous (Oil) Glands
• Open comedo: also
blackhead; hair follicle
filled with keratin and
sebum.
• Closed comedo: Also
whitehead; appears
as a small bump just
under the skin
surface.
Disorders of the Sebaceous (Oil) Glands
• Milia: Benign, keratinfilled cysts that appear
just under the
epidermis and have no
visible opening.
• Acne: Also acne
vulgaris; characterized
by chronic inflammation
of the sebaceous
glands from retained
secretions and bacteria.
Disorders of the Sebaceous (Oil) Glands
• Sebaceous cyst:
Protruding lesion filled
with sebum.
• Seborrheic dermatitis:
Inflammation of
sebaceous glands.
• Rosacea:
Characterized by
telangiectasis.
Disorders of the Sudoriferous (Sweat) Glands
• Anhidrosis: Deficiency • Miliaria rubra: Also
in perspiration.
prickly heat;
characterized by the
eruption of small red
• Bromhidrosis: Foulvesicles
and
smelling perspiration.
accompanied by
burning, itching skin.
• Hyperhidrosis:
Excessive sweating.
Inflammations and Common Infections of the
Skin
• Conjunctivitis: Also
pinkeye; bacterial eye
infection.
• Dermatitis: Any
inflammatory skin
condition.
• Eczema:
Characterized by
inflammation, scaling,
and severe itching.
Inflammations and Common Infections of the
Skin
• Herpes simplex:
Recurring viral infection,
often presents as a
fever blister or cold
sore.
• Impetigo: Characterized
by weeping lesions.
• Psoriasis: Characterized
by red patches covered
with silver-white scales.
Pigment Disorders of the Skin
• Dyschromias:
• Albinism: Absence of
Abnormal colorations,
melanin pigment.
that may accompany • Chloasma: Also liver
skin disorders.
spots;
• Hyperpigmentation:
hyperpigmentation in
Dark spots.
spot.
• Hypopigmentation:
Light or white
splotches.
Pigment Disorders of the Skin
• Lentigines: Freckles.
• Nevus: Also birthmark;
caused by abnormal
pigmentation or dilated
capillaries.
• Stain: Abnormal browncolored or wine-colored
skin discoloration.
Pigment Disorders of the Skin
• Leukoderma: Light
abnormal patches.
• Tan: Pigmentation
change from exposure
to sun or UV light.
• Vitiligo: Hypopigmented
spots and splotches on
the skin; may be related
to thyroid conditions.
Hypertrophies of the Skin
• Hypertrophy: Abnormal
growth.
• Keratoma: Thickened
patch of epidermis.
• Mole: Brownish spot.
• Skin tag: Small brown- or
flesh-colored outgrowth.
• Verruca: Also wart,
hypertrophy of the
papillae and epidermis.
Skin Cancer
• Basal cell carcinoma:
Most common and the
least severe type of
skin cancer, often
characterized by light
or pearly nodules.
• Squamous cell
carcinoma: Often
characterized by scaly
red papules or nodules.
Skin Cancer
• Malignant melanoma:
Most dangerous skin
cancer, characterized
by black or dark
brown patches on the
skin that may appear
uneven in texture,
jagged, or raised.
Acne and Problem Skin
• Acne is a disorder
affected by two major
factors: heredity and
hormones.
• Retention
hyperkeratosis:
Hereditary tendency
for acne-prone skin to
retain dead cells in
the follicle.
• Oiliness of the skin is
also hereditary.
• Propionibacterium
acnes are anaerobic:
these bacteria cannot
survive in the
presence of oxygen.
Acne and Problem Skin
Acne Treatment
• Use of cleansers
formulated for oily
skin.
• Use of follicle
exfoliants.
• Avoidance of fatty
skin care and
cosmetic products.
– Use noncomedogenic
products.
• Avoid harsh products,
do not over clean
acne-prone skin.
• Mild and moderate
cases of acne are
often treated by
trained salon and spa
professionals.
Aging Skin Issues
• Intrinsic factors: Skinaging factors over
which we have little
control.
– Genetic aging
– Gravity
– Facial expressions
• Extrinsic factors: Primarily
environmental factors that
contribute to aging and the
appearance of aging.
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Sun exposure
Smoking
Drug use
Cumulative stress
Overuse of alcoholic
beverages
– Poor nutrition
– Pollution exposure
The Sun and Its Effects
• UVA rays: Also aging
rays; deeppenetrating rays that
can even go through
a glass window.
• UVB rays: Also
burning rays; cause
sunburns, tanning of
the skin, and majority
of skin cancers.
• Prevention:
– Avoid sun exposure
– Use broad spectrum
sunscreen
Contact Dermatitis
Allergic Contact Dermatitis
• Contact dermatitis: Skin • Common places for
inflammation caused by
allergic contact
contact with chemicals
dermatitis:
or substances.
– On the fingers, palms,
• Allergic contact
or on the back of the
dermatitis (ACD): Allergy
hand.
to an ingredient or a
– On the face, especially
chemical, usually
the cheeks.
caused by repeated skin
– On the scalp, hairline,
contact.
forehead, or neckline.
Contact Dermatitis
Irritant Contact Dermatitis
• Irritant contact
dermatitis (ICD):
When irritating
substances
temporarily damage
the epidermis, not
usually chronic if
precautions are
taken.
• To prevent both types
of occupational
contact dermatitis,
use gloves or utensils
when working with
irritating chemicals.
Contact Dermatitis
Protect Yourself
• Take extreme care to
keep brush handles,
containers, and table
tops clean and free
from product, dust,
and residue.
• Wear protective
gloves whenever
using products known
to cause irritant or
allergic contact
dermatitis.
• Keep your hands
clean and
moisturized.