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Download The Integumentary System - Hoffman Estates High School
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The Integumentary System By: Me and Luciano What is it? • It is the system composed of hair, skin and nails. • A system is an association of two or more organs that work together to do something Hair Skin Nail Skin • Largest organ of the body • 2 layers: dermis (lower) and epidermis (upper) • SA of 1 to 2 meters • 16% of body weight A: common sweat gland B: hair follicle C: arrector pili D: sebaceous gland E: hair shaft F: epidermis G: dermis – pars papillaris H: dermis – pars reticularis I: hypodermis Skin Parts • Arrector Pili – Erects hair during cold or emotional stress • Sebaceous Gland – Oil gland; Keeps skin from drying out • Epidermis – Upper layer of skin; Protects dermis and rest of body • Dermis – Below epidermis; Contains nerve-endings, sweat and subaceous glands, and blood and lymph vessels • Hypodermis – Independent fat cells below dermis A: common sweat gland B: hair follicle C: arrector pili D: sebaceous gland E: hair shaft F: epidermis G: dermis – pars papillaris H: dermis – pars reticularis I: hypodermis Skin Functions in Homeostasis • • • • • • Protection Body temperature regulation Sensory reception Water balance Syntheses of vitamins and hormones Absorption of materials Common Skin Pathology • Apocrine glands produce a solution that bacteria act upon to produce body odor • If the sebaceous glands become plugged and infected, it becomes a blemish or pimple • Cancer: carcinoma and melanoma • Contact dermatitis (e.g. poison ivy) • Burns – First, second and third degree • Wrinkles • Calluses • Moles • Psoriasis • Hair loss • Frostbite Common Pathology Pictures Dermatitis Warts Part 2 Nickel Allergy Melanoma Kaposi’s Saracoma Wrinkles • • • • Major difference between young and old Loss of elasticity More common in light-skinned people Cross-linking collagen fibers Thick vs. Thin Thin Skin = Thin Epidermis Thick vs. Thin Part II • Epidermis of thick skin is 10x epidermis of thin. • The different is in the thickness of the st. corneum • Thickest skin on body is the thin skin on the back Miscellaneous Skin Info • Epidermis replaces itself every 15-30 days Sweat Glands (Common) •Classification-Simple coiled tubular •Secretory Units-Shape like tubules •Ducts-Unbranched •Found through out the body •Most common in forehead •Begin functioning at birth A: Common sweat gland (duct) B: Myoepithelial cell C: Common sweat gland (secretory unit) Sweat Gland ‘apocrine’ (Large) • Classification-Simple coiled tubular • Secretory Units-Shape like tubules • Ducts-Unbranched • Secretory units much larger than in common glands Skin Color (pigment) • Melanin (yellow-brown-black) • Carotene (yellow- orange) - accumulates in corneum • Hemoglobin (red) • Erythema vs. Cyanosis -Influenced by blood flow, liver (jaundice) Hair • Derived from skin • Extends above the skin surface • Made of Keratin D: Cortex E: Medulla Hair follicle Hair Diseases • Baldness –Loss of hair • Hair thinning – thinning of hair • Hair graying –graying of hair Nails • Highly Keratinized, modified epidermal cells • Arises from nail bed. • Rate of growth depends on finger length Nail Diagram Nail Pathology • Nail Fungus • Ingrown nail Bibliography Jason’s Bibliography • Body Systems • The Human Body (its structure and operation) • http://www.exn.ca/human/home .cfm • http://www.dermnet.org.nz • http://www.kidinfo.com/health/ Human_Body.html • http://www.dictionary.com • http://www.medicaldictionary.c om/ • • • • • Luciano’s Bibliography How the Body works The Human Body http://gened.emc.maricopa.edu/ bio/bio181/BIOBK/BioBookIN TEGUSYS.html http://www.med.sc.edu/hightow er/askinnoBG/sld001.htm http://www.anatomy.gatech.edu /aging/skin/tsld001.htm
