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Viewer will learn the following from this presentation:
Skin facts and anatomy of normal skin
Definition of Skin Cancer
Types of Skin Cancer
Causes of Skin Cancer
Distinguish a benign mole from melanoma
Understand treatment modality
Prevention
Self Examination
Knowledge of sunscreens
• Body’s Largest Organ
• Weighs approximately 6lbs
• Laid Flat, and average adult skin measures 10 – 20 ft.
• Protective shield against heat, light, injury and infection
• Regulates temperature, stores water, fat and vitamin D
• Senses painful and pleasant stimulation
• Epidermis
• Dermis
• Subcutaneous
Thin outer layer of the skin
3 sublayers
1. Stratus Corneum
Continuous shedding of dead cells
(keratinocytes)
2. Keratinocytes
Provides skin with what it needs for protection
3. Basal Layer
Inner layer that continues to divide and form
new keratinocytes
* Epidermis also contains melanocytes which produce the skins
pigment
Middle layer composed of:
Blood vessels
lymph vessels
hair follicles
sweat glands
Dermis is held together by protein called collagen
Contains pain and touch receptors
• Deepest layer of the skin
• Consists of collagen and fat cells
• Conserves body heat
• “SHOCK ABSORBER”
A disease in which cancer (malignant) cells are found in
the outer layers of your skin
Most common types of cancer that start in the skin are
basal cell, squamous, and melanoma
More common in people with light colored skin with over
exposure to the skin
Skin cancer can occur anywhere on your body but most
common in places exposed to more sunlight
( i.e.: face, neck, hands and arms).
BASAL CELL
SQUAMOUS CELL
MALIGNANT MELANOMA
90 % of all skin cancers
Highly treatable, slow growing
Small, shiny bump or nodule on the skin
Appears on head, neck, face, arms and
hands
20 % of all skin cancers
More aggressive than Basal Cell
Highly treatable
Appearance is a nodule or red scaly
patches of the skin
Found on face, ears, lips and mouth
Can spread to other body parts
Malignant Melanoma
MOST DEADLY
75 % of all skin cancer deaths
Starts in the melanocytes (pigment cells)
Usually benign as a mole
Spreads quickly
Affects all skin types
• Sunburn and Sunlight
• Ultra Violet light
• Heredity
• Environment
Skin Cancer Causes…
Sunlight & Sunburn
•Tanning is your skin’s response to UV light
•Protective reaction to prevent further injury to your skin
from the sun
•Tanning does not prevent skin cancer
•Sunburn you receive this week may take up to 20 years or
more to become skin cancer
• Higher risk if there is family history
• Fair skin, northern heritage
• Multiple moles, large or atypical
• Decrease in the Ozone Layer
• The “Ozone” serves as a filter to screen out and reduce
the amount of Ultra violet we are exposed too
• Frequent visits to tanning salons
• People who are sun sensitive, tan poorly or not at all,
have a 2-3 times increase of risk
• Moles that are present at birth and atypical moles, have a greater
chance of becoming malignant.
•Made of clumps of melanocytes, produce the brownish pigment
melanin.
• Typically, moles are smaller than the tip of a pencil eraser,
circular or oval, tan to dark brown, and uniformly colored.
•Sometimes moles respond to increased hormonal activity or
puberty or pregnancy by darkening and enlarging.
• USE THE ABCD RULE
Asymmetry
the
Border
ragged or
when half of the mole
does not match
other half
when the border (edges)
of the mole are
irregular
Color
when the color of the mole
varies throughout
Diameter
if the mole’s diameter is
larger than a
eraser
pencil’s
• Photography to monitor change
•Biopsy
• Defines type of lesion
• Defines depth of penetration
•Clark level
•Breslow thickness
• CT/ MRI
• Investigate further metastisis
• Chemotherapy
• Radiation
• Self examination
• Hidden areas
• Avoid UV sunlight
• Monitor tanning index!
• Avoid excessive sunbathing or days at the beach
• Wear a wide brimmed hat when out in the sun
• UV blocking sunglasses
• Protective clothing
• Use Sunscreen (apply correctly)
Examine your body front and back in the mirror, then
right and left sides with arms raised.
Bend elbows and look carefully at forearms, upper
underarms, and palms.
Look at the backs of your legs and feet, the spaces
between your toes and on the sole.
Examine the backs of your neck and scalp with a
hand mirror. Part hair for a closer look.
Finally, check your back and buttocks with a hand
mirror.
“Sunlight can age your skin, but there are
other ways of protecting yourself!”
Comic by RGJ Richard Jolley
Rated by Food and Drug Administration
• Evaluate SPF (sun protective factor)
• Evaluate substance or waterproof ability
• SPF of 20 indicates 20 times longer to sunburn with sunscreen
• Add UVA and UVB for additional exposure
• Minimal protection= SPF 2-12
• Moderate protection= SPF 12-30
• High protection= SPF 30+
• Available in hypo-allergenic, water resistant, and waterproof
formulas
• Paba no longer used because it provides only partial UVB and no
UVA protection
Book 1 Skin Cancer and How to cure it.
Book 2 Melanoma Spotting
Book 3 First Aid for Burnt skin
Comic by RGJ Richard Jolley
There are many things you can do to protect yourself from the most
damaging solar radiation:
•Stay inside or seek shade during the peak hours of solar radiation,
from 10 am to 2 pm. Tightly woven clothing helps block harmful
solar radiation from reaching your skin. Loosely woven clothing is
not adequate, since the gaps in the weave allow the radiation to
pass through
• Use a hat or sun visor to protect your head and neck. Baseball
caps do not provide protection for your neck, sides of your face or
your ears; a wide brimmed hat is better.
• If you insist on getting a tan, consider using a self-tanning lotion
that contains dihydroxyacetone (DHA).
• Avoid tanning salons; they typically also expose skin to UVB
radiation similar to sunlight.
• Educate children about sun exposure and sunburns. Childhood
sunburns are an indicator for an increased risk of malignant
melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers.
• Avoid sunburns and wear t-shirts while swimming outdoors.
What happened to us? No kissing, no foreplay, No Skin
Cancer Checks!
American Academy of Dermatology (2002). Retrieved March 21, 2003
from www.skincarephyscians.com
An Introduction to skin cancer. (nd) Retrieved March 25, 2003
from www.maui.net
Belcher, A. (1992). Cancer Nursing. St. Louis: Mosby
Cancer Web (2002). Prevention of Skin Cancer. Retrieved March
21, 2003 from www.cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/cancernet
Gilchrest, B., Eller, M., Geller, a. & Yaar, M. (1999). The Pathogenesis
of Melanoma Induced by Ultraviolet Radiation. The New
England Journal of Medicine (17) vol. 340: 1341-1348
Habif, T. (1996). Clinical Dermatology: A Color guide to Diagnosis
and Therapy (3rd ed.). St. Louis: Mosby
Kenet, B. & Lawler, P. (1994). Saving Your Skin. New York:
Four Walls Eight Windows
Lamberg, L. (1990). The Encyclopedia of Health: Skin Disorders.
New York –Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishers
Poole, C. & Dupont, G. (1998). Melanoma Prevention, Detection
and Treatment. New Haven-London: Yale University
Press
Skin Cancer, Melanoma (2002). Retrieved March 21, 2003
from www.aolsvc.health.webmd.aol.com
Skin-Cancers.net (2000). Skin Cancer. Retrieved March
25, 2003 from www.skin-cancers.net