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Alone? A Discovery Sourcebook for Astrobiology IAF Conference, Houston, TX, USA, October 2002 By the students of ISU SSP 2002 Introduction Current State 1.0: PPPAM Work to date The Quest for Discovery 2.0: Alive 3.0: Future Missions Properties of and conditions for life Science Objectives and Mission Design 4.0: Planetary Protection Definitions, Methods and Legal Issues Human Elements 5.0: Impact on Humanity 6.0: Education Historical Perspective and Scenarios Connection and Cross Fertilization of Disciplines Synthesis 7.0: Case Study Past, Present & Planned Astrobiology Investigations Mars Viking Darwin Arecibo Eros ALIVE - Properties of and Conditions for Life Definition of life • • Different definitions given by Evolutionists, Cell biologists, Molecular biologists, Geneticists, Ecologists, Chemists, Geologist, Physicist and Philosopher. Look at life as we know it! • Extinct Life • Extant Life Conditions for Life • • Habitable zones Extreme environments Future Missions • Solar System Bodies – – – – – Science Objective Hot Targets Experiments Missions and Technology Proposed Missions Comet Mars Ion Propulsion • New Space Technology – – – – Miniaturization Radiation Hardening of Electronics Advanced Propulsion Autonomous capabilities Autonomous capabilities Miniaturization Planetary Protection Planetary Protection In the Interests of Humanity, Science, and Politics Legal Aspects Ethics OST, Article 9 Moon Treaty, Article 7 Politics Forward Contamination Backward Contamination COSPAR -Recommendations -Guidelines -Report to UN Biomass Reduction Methods Containment (e.g. Mars Return Facility) National Legislation Cleaning Sample Sterilization Sterilization Pristine Sample Bank Clean Room Curation Detection and Analysis (D&A) Life Detection -Life Detection Research -Gas -Fines Biohazard -Harmfulness Physical/Chemical -Methods Impact on Humanity • Historical Perspective • • • • Mars channels (~ 1895) War of the Worlds (1938) Discovery of quasars and pulsars (1965 and 1967) ALH84001 (1996) • Scenarios • • • • Life on Mars (near/simple) WOW signal (far/intelligent) They’re here!(near/intelligent) A planet in a galaxy far away (far/simple) • Suggested guidelines Education • • Resource Review and Gap Analysis Suggested Activities for Target Group – – – – – – • Phase 1 – Introduction to Astrobiology Phase 2 – What is Needed for Life on Earth? Phase 3 – How to Look For, Protect & Study Life? Phase 4 – Which Planets/bodies in our Solar System are Best Suited to Contain Evidence of Life? Phase 5 – What We are Doing to Learn More About Possible Life Outside our Planet? Phase 6 – Designing Your Own Searches Implementation Plan Case Study • Requirements: – 20 years time-frame – potential astrobiology target – existing launcher and communication facilities • Jovian system investigation with astrobiology emphasis on Europa: – Orbiter - Probe carrier, RS device, comm relay – Lander - Science payload on ice clipper, tethered to surface antenna Summary – – – – – Covers wide scope PPPAI survey Outlined a curriculum PP & Impact considered More missions are being planned for Astrobiology – Case Study – Sourcebook created (www.isunet.edu)