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Click on each planet to learn more!
Rocky
Planets
Gaseous Planets
Skip all planet slides
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The Solar System
Sun
Mass
[x Earth]
333000
Diameter
[km]
1392000
Surface
Sun viewed in ‘soft’ X ray Temp [ºC]
6000
Return to solar system
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The Solar System
Mercury
0 moons
Mass [x Earth]
0.05
Diameter [km]
4880
Distance from Sun
[Million km]
Time taken to travel
around Sun
Time taken to spin
once on axis
88 days
Surface Temp [ºC]
350
58
59 days
Return to solar system
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The Solar System
Venus
Mass [x Earth]
0.81
Diameter [km]
12112
Distance from Sun
107.5
[Million km]
Time taken to travel
224 days
around Sun
Time taken to spin
243 days
once on axis
0 moons
Surface Temp [ºC]
460
Return to solar system
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The Solar System
Earth
Mass [x Earth]
1
Diameter [km]
12742
Distance from Sun
149.6
[Million km]
Time taken to travel
365 days
around Sun
Time taken to spin
24 hours
once on axis
1 moon
Surface Temp [ºC]
20
Return to solar system
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The Solar System
Mars
Mass [x Earth]
0.11
Diameter [km]
6790
Distance from Sun
228
[Million km]
Time taken to travel
687 days
around Sun
Time taken to spin
24 h 37m
once on axis
22 moons
Surface Temp [ºC]
- 23
Return to solar system
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The Solar System
Jupiter
Mass [x Earth]
318
Diameter [km]
142600
Distance from Sun
[Million km]
Time taken to travel
around Sun
Time taken to spin
once on axis
16 moons
[+ 1 ring]
Surface Temp [ºC]
778
11.9
years
9h 50m
-120
Return to solar system
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The Solar System
Saturn
Mass [x Earth]
95
Diameter [km]
120200
Distance from Sun
1427
[Million km]
Time taken to travel
29.5
around Sun
years
Time taken to spin
10h 14m
once on axis
17 moons
[+ rings]
Surface Temp [ºC]
-180
Return to solar system
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The Solar System
Uranus
Mass [x Earth]
14.5
Diameter [km]
49000
Distance from Sun
2870
[Million km]
Time taken to travel
84 years
around Sun
Time taken to spin
10h 49m
once on axis
15 moons
[+ rings]
Surface Temp [ºC]
-210
Return to solar system
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The Solar System
Neptune
Mass [x Earth]
17.5
Diameter [km]
50000
Distance from Sun
4497
[Million km]
Time taken to travel
165 years
around Sun
Time taken to spin
15h 48m
once on axis
8 moons
Surface Temp [ºC]
-220
Return to solar system
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The Solar System
Pluto
System
Mass [x Earth]
0.003
Diameter [km]
2284
Distance from Sun
5900
[Million km]
[variable]
Time taken to travel
248 years
around Sun
Time taken to spin
6.4 days
once on axis
1 moon
Surface Temp [ºC]
-230
Return to solar system
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Match up the planet with its correct statement
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The Solar System
Using the information you’ve gathered, plot a graph of
surface temperature [y] against distance from sun [x]:
 What happens
to the surface
temperature of
planets as they get
further away from
the sun?
500
400
Surface Temp. [C]
300
200
100
0
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
-100
-200
-300
Distance from Sun [Million km]
6000
7000
 Predict the surface
temperature of a planet
which is 7000 km away
from the sun.
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Planet Postcards
1. Choose a planet you would like to know more about.
You cannot choose Earth.
2. Using books or any other sources of information find
out five facts about that planet.
3. Design a postcard from that planet. You need to draw
a front to the postcard that suits your planet.
4. Write a postcard to someone on earth as if you visiting
the planet you have chosen. You must use your five
facts in your postcard.
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Planet Postcards
1. Choose a planet you would like to know more about.
2. Find out about that planet using books and other
sources of information.
3. Design a travel brochure to encourage people to come
and visit the planet. You could tell people:
- how they can get there and how long it will take
- the climate of the planet
- where they will stay
- what sights they can see on the planet
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The Earth & Beyond
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The Earth & Beyond : Day & Night

How long is one day?


How long is one year?



24 hours
365¼ days
Planet Earth spins on
its tilted axis and
orbits the Sun.
This causes days & nights and the seasons.
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The Earth & Beyond : Day & Night
SUNLIGHT
The Earth spins on its
axis once every 24 hours.
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The Earth & Beyond : Day & Night
 It is 04:00 in London
Casablanca
Philippines
Antanarivo
Pretoria
Place
GMT
Casablanca
+1
Pretoria
+2
Antanarivo
+3
Philippines
+8
Time
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The Earth & Beyond : The Seasons
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Look at the the diagram of the earth below. Note
where the light is shining. Then drag the season
to match the correct hemisphere in the table.
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Look at the the diagram of the earth below. Note
where the light is shining. Then drag the season
to match the correct hemisphere in the table.
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
Look at the the diagram of the earth below. Note
where the light is shining. Then drag the season
to match the correct hemisphere in the table.
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
Look at the the diagram of the earth below. Note
where the light is shining. Then drag the season
to match the correct hemisphere in the table.
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The Earth & Beyond : The Seasons
East
West
Autumn
Copy the diagram above and add two ‘sun lines’ one for Summer and one for Winter.
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The Earth & Beyond : Our Moon
The Sun and the Moon look about the same size
from Earth - they’re not.

The Sun is about 400 times wider than the Moon

but is 400 times further away!
The Moon takes just over 27 days to orbit the Earth.
SUNLIGHT

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The Earth & Beyond : Our Moon
SUNLIGHT
These are called the
phases of the Moon.
N.B. This is the view from Earth
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The Earth & Beyond : Our Moon
Crescent
Moon
N.B. This is the view from Earth.
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The Earth & Beyond : Our Moon
Half Moon
N.B. This is the view from Earth.
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The Earth & Beyond : Our Moon
Gibbous
Moon
N.B. This is the view from Earth.
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The Earth & Beyond : Our Moon
Full Moon
N.B. This is the view from Earth.
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The Earth & Beyond : Our Moon
Gibbous
Moon
N.B. This is the view from Earth.
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The Earth & Beyond : Our Moon
Half Moon
N.B. This is the view from Earth.
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The Earth & Beyond : Our Moon
Crescent
Moon
N.B. This is the view from Earth.
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The Earth & Beyond : Our Moon
New Moon
N.B. This is the view from Earth.
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The Earth & Beyond : Our Moon
1.
The Moon does not produce its own light - how can
we see it?
2.
How long does it take the Moon to orbit the Earth?
3.
Why do we always see the same side of the Moon?
4.
Why do we only see a Full Moon once a month?
5.
What is a New Moon?
6.
What force keeps the Moon in orbit around the
Earth?
7.
Why is there very little atmosphere on the Moon?
Homework : Find out how the Moon causes tides.
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The Earth & Beyond : Eclipses

A solar eclipse happens when the Moon comes in
between the Sun and the Earth. This casts a
shadow over the Earth.

The last solar eclipse over the UK was on 11th
August 1999. Solar eclipses don’t occur very often.

A lunar eclipse happens when the Earth comes in
between the Sun and the Moon. This casts a
shadow over the Moon.

Lunar eclipses happen in most years.
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During
Duringa alunar
lunareclipse
eclipsethe
theMoon
Earthisblocks
on thethe
opposite
Sun’s
Where must thelight
Moon
bereaching
for
a lunar
eclipse
side
from
of the
Earth
to the
the
Moon.
Sun. to take place?
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During
During
a solar
a solar
eclipse
eclipse
thethe
Moon
Moon
moves
blocks
directly
the
Where must
Moon
bereaching
for
solar
eclipse
take place?
Sun’sthe
between
rays
from
the
Suna and
part
the
of
Earth.
the to
Earth.
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The Earth & Beyond : Eclipses
1.
Why do eclipses only last a few minutes?
2.
Why do you think ancient people were frightened of
eclipses?
3.
What causes an eclipse of the Sun [Solar eclipse]?
4.
What causes an eclipse of the Moon [Lunar eclipse]?
5.
What would a lunar eclipse look like if you were an
astronaut standing on the Moon?
6.
Draw 2 simple ray diagrams in your books -
and
a)
Solar Eclipse
b)
Lunar Eclipse
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The Earth & Beyond : Eclipses
Always use eclipse
viewers, NEVER look
directly at the sun.
 solar eclipse diagram
The Earth
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The Earth & Beyond : Probes & Satellites
For thousands of years humans have been
fascinated by the night sky and what lay beyond it.
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The Earth & Beyond : Probes & Satellites
Science Fiction writers first suggested the idea that we
could put artificial satellites into orbit around the Earth.
This only became reality in 1957 when the Soviet Union
placed Sputnik I and Sputnik II into orbit [Sputnik II
contained a live dog!].
Today, artificial
satellites are launched
very frequently by
space shuttles and
unmanned rockets.
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The Earth & Beyond : Probes & Satellites
GEOSTATIONARY
SATELLITES :

Stay above the same
place on Earth.

Speed of orbit
matches the Earth’s
rotation.

Used for
communications,
satellite TV,
weather forecasting,
intelligence, GPS.
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The Earth & Beyond : Probes & Satellites
POLAR ORBIT SATELLITES
:

Low orbit around the
Earth passing over
North and South
poles.

Earth rotates
underneath them as
they orbit.

Used for large-scale
mapping and global
weather monitoring.
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The Earth & Beyond : Probes & Satellites
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
The Earth & Beyond : Probes & Satellites
Meteorites, the Solar Wind and ‘space junk’ all travel
very quickly through space and can damage satellites.
Astronauts need to
‘space-walk’ in
order to fix them.
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The Earth & Beyond : Probes & Satellites
Astronomical satellites like the Hubble Space Telescope
[HST] are large telescopes placed in a high orbit far from the
effects of the Earth’s atmosphere.
It can ‘see’ much
further into space and
give us images of
stars and galaxies
many light years away,
like this cartwheel
galaxy.
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The Earth & Beyond : Probes & Satellites
Our search for answers and clues to the origin of the solar
system and the possibility of life elsewhere led to the
development of unmanned space probes.
For years, science fiction has brought us stories of Martians
- but could they really exist? Or have existed?
On July 4th 1997, NASA launched the
‘‘Pathfinder’ Discovery Mission to Mars.
It cost $150 million and used the
‘Sojourner Rover’ buggy to test Mars’
atmosphere, surface and weather,
amongst other things.
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The Earth & Beyond : Probes & Satellites
Mars
Mass [x Earth]
0.11
Diameter [km]
6790
Distance from Sun
228
[Million km]
Time taken to travel
687 days
around Sun
Time taken to spin
24 h 37m
once on axis
22 moons
Surface Temp [ºC]
- 23
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The Earth & Beyond : Probes & Satellites
The Sojourner Rover
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The Earth & Beyond : Probes & Satellites
The tests carried out by the Rover showed that Mars
is much more like the Earth than was expected.
Was Mars like
the Earth until
something
catastrophic
happened?
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The Earth & Beyond : Probes & Satellites
The tests also showed that the crust of Mars is very similar
to continental crust on Earth and that volcanoes had played
a part in Mars’ formation.
Why did the
volcanoes stop?
Did the gases
they gave out kill
any Martian life?
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The Earth & Beyond : Probes & Satellites
The surface of Mars has undergone intense erosion
by massive floods and by strong winds.
Did it rain on Mars?
How much water
was there on Mars?
Was there life in the
water?
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
The Earth & Beyond : Probes & Satellites
1.
Give 2 uses of artificial satellites.
2.
What is meant by a ‘geostationary’ orbit?
3.
What problems do satellites encounter in space?
4.
Why do astronauts have to wear ‘space suits’ when
repairing satellites?
5.
Why can the Hubble Space Telescope ‘see’ much
further into space and produce much clearer images
than telescopes on Earth.
6.
Why didn’t NASA send astronauts to Mars instead of
spending millions of dollars on the ‘Pathfinder’
Discovery Mission?
7.
Give 2 reasons why there is unlikely to be life on Mars?
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1.
What is the name of this planet?
A
Earth
B
Jupiter
C
Pluto
D
Venus
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2.
What force keeps the planets in orbit around the Sun?
A
Friction
B
Upthrust
C
Gravity
D
Nuclear
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3. What object from the Solar System is shown?
A
Comet
B
Planet
C
Asteroid
D
Moon
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4.
How long does it take the Earth to spin once on its axis?
A
28 days
B
24 hours
C
365.25 days
D
365 days
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