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© Boardworks Ltd 2003 Teacher’s Notes A slide contains teacher’s notes wherever this icon is displayed - To access these notes go to ‘Notes Page View’ (PowerPoint 97) or ‘Normal View’ (PowerPoint 2000). Notes Page View Normal View Flash Files A flash file has been embedded into the PowerPoint slide wherever this icon is displayed – These files are not editable. © Boardworks Ltd 2003 Click on each planet to learn more! Rocky Planets Gaseous Planets Skip all planet slides © Boardworks Ltd 2003 The Solar System Sun Mass [x Earth] 333000 Diameter [km] 1392000 Surface Sun viewed in ‘soft’ X ray Temp [ºC] 6000 Return to solar system © Boardworks Ltd 2003 The Solar System Mercury 0 moons Mass [x Earth] 0.05 Diameter [km] 4880 Distance from Sun [Million km] Time taken to travel around Sun Time taken to spin once on axis 88 days Surface Temp [ºC] 350 58 59 days Return to solar system © Boardworks Ltd 2003 The Solar System Venus Mass [x Earth] 0.81 Diameter [km] 12112 Distance from Sun 107.5 [Million km] Time taken to travel 224 days around Sun Time taken to spin 243 days once on axis 0 moons Surface Temp [ºC] 460 Return to solar system © Boardworks Ltd 2003 The Solar System Earth Mass [x Earth] 1 Diameter [km] 12742 Distance from Sun 149.6 [Million km] Time taken to travel 365 days around Sun Time taken to spin 24 hours once on axis 1 moon Surface Temp [ºC] 20 Return to solar system © Boardworks Ltd 2003 The Solar System Mars Mass [x Earth] 0.11 Diameter [km] 6790 Distance from Sun 228 [Million km] Time taken to travel 687 days around Sun Time taken to spin 24 h 37m once on axis 22 moons Surface Temp [ºC] - 23 Return to solar system © Boardworks Ltd 2003 The Solar System Jupiter Mass [x Earth] 318 Diameter [km] 142600 Distance from Sun [Million km] Time taken to travel around Sun Time taken to spin once on axis 16 moons [+ 1 ring] Surface Temp [ºC] 778 11.9 years 9h 50m -120 Return to solar system © Boardworks Ltd 2003 The Solar System Saturn Mass [x Earth] 95 Diameter [km] 120200 Distance from Sun 1427 [Million km] Time taken to travel 29.5 around Sun years Time taken to spin 10h 14m once on axis 17 moons [+ rings] Surface Temp [ºC] -180 Return to solar system © Boardworks Ltd 2003 The Solar System Uranus Mass [x Earth] 14.5 Diameter [km] 49000 Distance from Sun 2870 [Million km] Time taken to travel 84 years around Sun Time taken to spin 10h 49m once on axis 15 moons [+ rings] Surface Temp [ºC] -210 Return to solar system © Boardworks Ltd 2003 The Solar System Neptune Mass [x Earth] 17.5 Diameter [km] 50000 Distance from Sun 4497 [Million km] Time taken to travel 165 years around Sun Time taken to spin 15h 48m once on axis 8 moons Surface Temp [ºC] -220 Return to solar system © Boardworks Ltd 2003 The Solar System Pluto System Mass [x Earth] 0.003 Diameter [km] 2284 Distance from Sun 5900 [Million km] [variable] Time taken to travel 248 years around Sun Time taken to spin 6.4 days once on axis 1 moon Surface Temp [ºC] -230 Return to solar system © Boardworks Ltd 2003 Match up the planet with its correct statement © Boardworks Ltd 2003 The Solar System Using the information you’ve gathered, plot a graph of surface temperature [y] against distance from sun [x]: What happens to the surface temperature of planets as they get further away from the sun? 500 400 Surface Temp. [C] 300 200 100 0 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 -100 -200 -300 Distance from Sun [Million km] 6000 7000 Predict the surface temperature of a planet which is 7000 km away from the sun. © Boardworks Ltd 2003 Planet Postcards 1. Choose a planet you would like to know more about. You cannot choose Earth. 2. Using books or any other sources of information find out five facts about that planet. 3. Design a postcard from that planet. You need to draw a front to the postcard that suits your planet. 4. Write a postcard to someone on earth as if you visiting the planet you have chosen. You must use your five facts in your postcard. © Boardworks Ltd 2003 Planet Postcards 1. Choose a planet you would like to know more about. 2. Find out about that planet using books and other sources of information. 3. Design a travel brochure to encourage people to come and visit the planet. You could tell people: - how they can get there and how long it will take - the climate of the planet - where they will stay - what sights they can see on the planet © Boardworks Ltd 2003 The Earth & Beyond © Boardworks Ltd 2003 The Earth & Beyond : Day & Night How long is one day? How long is one year? 24 hours 365¼ days Planet Earth spins on its tilted axis and orbits the Sun. This causes days & nights and the seasons. © Boardworks Ltd 2003 The Earth & Beyond : Day & Night SUNLIGHT The Earth spins on its axis once every 24 hours. © Boardworks Ltd 2003 The Earth & Beyond : Day & Night It is 04:00 in London Casablanca Philippines Antanarivo Pretoria Place GMT Casablanca +1 Pretoria +2 Antanarivo +3 Philippines +8 Time © Boardworks Ltd 2003 The Earth & Beyond : The Seasons © Boardworks Ltd 2003 Look at the the diagram of the earth below. Note where the light is shining. Then drag the season to match the correct hemisphere in the table. © Boardworks Ltd 2003 Look at the the diagram of the earth below. Note where the light is shining. Then drag the season to match the correct hemisphere in the table. © Boardworks Ltd 2003 Look at the the diagram of the earth below. Note where the light is shining. Then drag the season to match the correct hemisphere in the table. © Boardworks Ltd 2003 Look at the the diagram of the earth below. Note where the light is shining. Then drag the season to match the correct hemisphere in the table. © Boardworks Ltd 2003 The Earth & Beyond : The Seasons East West Autumn Copy the diagram above and add two ‘sun lines’ one for Summer and one for Winter. © Boardworks Ltd 2003 The Earth & Beyond : Our Moon The Sun and the Moon look about the same size from Earth - they’re not. The Sun is about 400 times wider than the Moon but is 400 times further away! The Moon takes just over 27 days to orbit the Earth. SUNLIGHT © Boardworks Ltd 2003 The Earth & Beyond : Our Moon SUNLIGHT These are called the phases of the Moon. N.B. This is the view from Earth © Boardworks Ltd 2003 The Earth & Beyond : Our Moon Crescent Moon N.B. This is the view from Earth. © Boardworks Ltd 2003 The Earth & Beyond : Our Moon Half Moon N.B. This is the view from Earth. © Boardworks Ltd 2003 The Earth & Beyond : Our Moon Gibbous Moon N.B. This is the view from Earth. © Boardworks Ltd 2003 The Earth & Beyond : Our Moon Full Moon N.B. This is the view from Earth. © Boardworks Ltd 2003 The Earth & Beyond : Our Moon Gibbous Moon N.B. This is the view from Earth. © Boardworks Ltd 2003 The Earth & Beyond : Our Moon Half Moon N.B. This is the view from Earth. © Boardworks Ltd 2003 The Earth & Beyond : Our Moon Crescent Moon N.B. This is the view from Earth. © Boardworks Ltd 2003 The Earth & Beyond : Our Moon New Moon N.B. This is the view from Earth. © Boardworks Ltd 2003 © Boardworks Ltd 2003 The Earth & Beyond : Our Moon 1. The Moon does not produce its own light - how can we see it? 2. How long does it take the Moon to orbit the Earth? 3. Why do we always see the same side of the Moon? 4. Why do we only see a Full Moon once a month? 5. What is a New Moon? 6. What force keeps the Moon in orbit around the Earth? 7. Why is there very little atmosphere on the Moon? Homework : Find out how the Moon causes tides. © Boardworks Ltd 2003 The Earth & Beyond : Eclipses A solar eclipse happens when the Moon comes in between the Sun and the Earth. This casts a shadow over the Earth. The last solar eclipse over the UK was on 11th August 1999. Solar eclipses don’t occur very often. A lunar eclipse happens when the Earth comes in between the Sun and the Moon. This casts a shadow over the Moon. Lunar eclipses happen in most years. © Boardworks Ltd 2003 During Duringa alunar lunareclipse eclipsethe theMoon Earthisblocks on thethe opposite Sun’s Where must thelight Moon bereaching for a lunar eclipse side from of the Earth to the the Moon. Sun. to take place? © Boardworks Ltd 2003 During During a solar a solar eclipse eclipse thethe Moon Moon moves blocks directly the Where must Moon bereaching for solar eclipse take place? Sun’sthe between rays from the Suna and part the of Earth. the to Earth. © Boardworks Ltd 2003 The Earth & Beyond : Eclipses 1. Why do eclipses only last a few minutes? 2. Why do you think ancient people were frightened of eclipses? 3. What causes an eclipse of the Sun [Solar eclipse]? 4. What causes an eclipse of the Moon [Lunar eclipse]? 5. What would a lunar eclipse look like if you were an astronaut standing on the Moon? 6. Draw 2 simple ray diagrams in your books - and a) Solar Eclipse b) Lunar Eclipse © Boardworks Ltd 2003 The Earth & Beyond : Eclipses Always use eclipse viewers, NEVER look directly at the sun. solar eclipse diagram The Earth © Boardworks Ltd 2003 The Earth & Beyond : Probes & Satellites For thousands of years humans have been fascinated by the night sky and what lay beyond it. © Boardworks Ltd 2003 The Earth & Beyond : Probes & Satellites Science Fiction writers first suggested the idea that we could put artificial satellites into orbit around the Earth. This only became reality in 1957 when the Soviet Union placed Sputnik I and Sputnik II into orbit [Sputnik II contained a live dog!]. Today, artificial satellites are launched very frequently by space shuttles and unmanned rockets. © Boardworks Ltd 2003 The Earth & Beyond : Probes & Satellites GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITES : Stay above the same place on Earth. Speed of orbit matches the Earth’s rotation. Used for communications, satellite TV, weather forecasting, intelligence, GPS. © Boardworks Ltd 2003 The Earth & Beyond : Probes & Satellites POLAR ORBIT SATELLITES : Low orbit around the Earth passing over North and South poles. Earth rotates underneath them as they orbit. Used for large-scale mapping and global weather monitoring. © Boardworks Ltd 2003 The Earth & Beyond : Probes & Satellites © Boardworks Ltd 2003 The Earth & Beyond : Probes & Satellites Meteorites, the Solar Wind and ‘space junk’ all travel very quickly through space and can damage satellites. Astronauts need to ‘space-walk’ in order to fix them. © Boardworks Ltd 2003 The Earth & Beyond : Probes & Satellites Astronomical satellites like the Hubble Space Telescope [HST] are large telescopes placed in a high orbit far from the effects of the Earth’s atmosphere. It can ‘see’ much further into space and give us images of stars and galaxies many light years away, like this cartwheel galaxy. © Boardworks Ltd 2003 The Earth & Beyond : Probes & Satellites Our search for answers and clues to the origin of the solar system and the possibility of life elsewhere led to the development of unmanned space probes. For years, science fiction has brought us stories of Martians - but could they really exist? Or have existed? On July 4th 1997, NASA launched the ‘‘Pathfinder’ Discovery Mission to Mars. It cost $150 million and used the ‘Sojourner Rover’ buggy to test Mars’ atmosphere, surface and weather, amongst other things. © Boardworks Ltd 2003 The Earth & Beyond : Probes & Satellites Mars Mass [x Earth] 0.11 Diameter [km] 6790 Distance from Sun 228 [Million km] Time taken to travel 687 days around Sun Time taken to spin 24 h 37m once on axis 22 moons Surface Temp [ºC] - 23 © Boardworks Ltd 2003 The Earth & Beyond : Probes & Satellites The Sojourner Rover © Boardworks Ltd 2003 The Earth & Beyond : Probes & Satellites The tests carried out by the Rover showed that Mars is much more like the Earth than was expected. Was Mars like the Earth until something catastrophic happened? © Boardworks Ltd 2003 The Earth & Beyond : Probes & Satellites The tests also showed that the crust of Mars is very similar to continental crust on Earth and that volcanoes had played a part in Mars’ formation. Why did the volcanoes stop? Did the gases they gave out kill any Martian life? © Boardworks Ltd 2003 The Earth & Beyond : Probes & Satellites The surface of Mars has undergone intense erosion by massive floods and by strong winds. Did it rain on Mars? How much water was there on Mars? Was there life in the water? © Boardworks Ltd 2003 The Earth & Beyond : Probes & Satellites 1. Give 2 uses of artificial satellites. 2. What is meant by a ‘geostationary’ orbit? 3. What problems do satellites encounter in space? 4. Why do astronauts have to wear ‘space suits’ when repairing satellites? 5. Why can the Hubble Space Telescope ‘see’ much further into space and produce much clearer images than telescopes on Earth. 6. Why didn’t NASA send astronauts to Mars instead of spending millions of dollars on the ‘Pathfinder’ Discovery Mission? 7. Give 2 reasons why there is unlikely to be life on Mars? © Boardworks Ltd 2003 1. What is the name of this planet? A Earth B Jupiter C Pluto D Venus © Boardworks Ltd 2003 2. What force keeps the planets in orbit around the Sun? A Friction B Upthrust C Gravity D Nuclear © Boardworks Ltd 2003 3. What object from the Solar System is shown? A Comet B Planet C Asteroid D Moon © Boardworks Ltd 2003 4. How long does it take the Earth to spin once on its axis? A 28 days B 24 hours C 365.25 days D 365 days © Boardworks Ltd 2003