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INDIA
INDIA
The Indian National Flag
Saffron – courage,
sacrifice, and renunciation
White – purity and truth
Green – faith and fertility
In the centre of the white band is a wheel in navy
blue colour. This centre symbol or the 'CHAKRA', is a
Buddhist symbol dating back to 3rd century BC.
The wheel with 24 spokes symbolizes life in
movement and death in stagnation
Map
of
India
Kangchenjunga, on the border of India and Nepal, is the
third highest mountain in the world and the highest point
in the Indian Himalaya.
Administrative
divisions of
India
28 states
7 territories
Facts…
Official Name: Bharat (Hindi), Republic of
India (English)
Capital: New Delhi
Population: 1, 027, 015, 247 (2001 Census)
Languages: India has two National languages,
English and Hindi. The Indian Constitution also
officially recognizes 22 regional languages.
Literacy: 65.38%
President: Pratibha Patil
Prime Minister: Dr. Manmohan Singh
The North Block, in New Delhi,
houses key government offices
The Jewel in the Crown
The British started trading
with India in the sixteenth
century and ruled the country
for nearly 400 years.
They set up the East India
Company to do business for
them.
The different states of India
were ruled by Indian
emperors, who were Muslims.
The British government
gradually gained control over
most of India.
The British made profit from
their trading.
Queen Victoria (1819 – 1901)
became Empress of India in
1876
The Rebellion of 1857
A rebellion against the
British began at an
army base near Delhi.
The British ordered
Indian soldiers to
handle rifle cartridges
which were covered in
pork and beef fat.
This was unthinkable
for both Muslims and
Hindus.
For Muslims, pork is
unclean and the cow is
a holy animal for
Hindus.
The Rebellion of 1857...
There were many
revolts around the
country, but they
were not very
organized
Both sides were
barbaric and cruel
After 14 months of
fighting, the British
regained control,
but the anti-British
feeling in India
grew. The British
responded by
becoming even
stricter.
The Raj
1858 - 1947
After the Rebellion, the
British government got
rid of the East India
Company and took
control of the country
Coat of Arms
The Raj
1858 - 1947
The British tried to change from
being cruel masters to ones
bringing progress
The British built railways, roads,
and irrigation systems
The British helped agriculture
and industry grow
The English language was used
in administration and in
education
When universities were started,
the British educational system
was used as a model
Coat of Arms
Independence
Indian demands for independence grew
stronger after World War II
The British agreed to grant India
independence in 1947
The country was divided into two parts,
Pakistan for the Muslims and India for
Hindus and Sikhs
Muslims and Hindus started fighting and
killing each other. Over 17 million left their
homes and moved to the land which was
meant for their religious group.
Major Religions
Hinduism
Buddhism
Islam
Christianity
Sikhism
Jainism
Hinduism
Hinduism originated
over 3000 years ago.
Hinduism claims to
have many founders,
teachers and prophets
who claim first hand
experience of God.
When Hindus promote
the idea of spirituality
as a principle rather
than a personality,
they call this Brahman.
Hinduism
Hinduism is known
for its millions of
gods
Lakshmi is the
consort of the god
Vishnu. She is one
of the most popular
goddesses of Hindu
mythology and is
known as the
goddess of wealth
and purity.
Mutis or deities and their worship (puja) play a crucial role in
Hinduism. Shown here is the popular figure of Ganesha.
The Akshardan Temple is a Hindu
temple in New Delhi
The river Ganges is
the holiest river for
Hindus.
Once every 12 years,
up to 10 million
people share in ritual
bathing at the Kumbh
Mela festival at
Allahabad where the
waters of the Ganges
and Jumna combine.
Hindus from all walks
of life gather there for
ritual bathing,
believing that their
sins will be washed
away.
The River Ganges
A Hindu who dies at
Varanasi and has their
ashes scattered on the
Ganges is said to
have experienced the
best death possible.
The Ganga is considered the
holiest of the three sacred
rivers by Hindus
The Sacred
Cow
In Hinduism,
the cow is a
symbol of
wealth,
strength,
abundance,
selfless
giving and a
full Earthly
life
A Hindu Marriage Ceremony
The Taj Mahal in Agra was built by Shah Jahan
as memorial to his wife Muntas Mahal. It was
built between 1632 and 1654.
Buddhism
Islam
This mosque in New Delhi is the largest mosque in the whole of India
Muslims praying in a
mosque
Mahatma Gandhi (1869 – 1948)
Mahatma Gandhi – a Great Leader
is central to the
story of Indian
independence
Largely because
of Gandhi, the
British had to
leave India, where
they had been for
more than 300
years
Mahatma Gandhi...
Did not believe in
violence
Showed his people
how to protest
peacefully
Nearly died in hunger
strikes
Was imprisoned
many times
Mahatma
Gandhi
Millions of people followed
him
The Hindus and the Muslims
had never been united
Only Gandhi was able to
bring them together in the
struggle against the British
Gandhi was murdered shortly
after India became
independent in 1947
Gandhi’s ideas lived on and
especially influenced people
like Martin Luther King
Mother Theresa (1910 – 1997)
Was a Catholic nun
of Albanian descent
who worked in the
slums of Calcutta
Took care of people
dying of sickness
and hunger
Opened a home for
them in an old
Hindu temple. This
was the first of
many homes she
started
Mother
Theresa
The Nobel Peace Prize
1979
Mother Theresa
was awarded the
Nobel Peace
Prize for her
humanitarian
work among ’the
poorest of the
poor’
President Reagan presents Mother Theresa
with the Medal of Freedom 1985
BOLLYWOOD
BOLLYWOOD
Bollywood is the informal term popularly used for
Mumbai-based Hindi-language film industry in India.
Bollywood is often incorrectly used to refer to the
whole of Indian cinema.
Bollywood is only a part of the Indian film industry.
Bollywood is one of the largest film producers in the
world, producing more than 1,000 films a year.
Unlike Hollywood, Bollywood does not exist as a real
physical place.
The Indian Elephant
The Asian elephant is one of
the largest land mammals
on Earth.
The trunk of the Asian
elephant has two finger-like
structures at its tip that allow
the animal to perform both
delicate and powerful
movements.
Elephants have long, coarse
hairs sparsely covering their
body.
Their skin is brown to dark
grey.
They have been very
important to Asian culture
for thousands of years.
They have been
domesticated and are used
for transportation and to
move heavy objects.
The Bengal
Tiger
Since the era of gods and goddesses, the Tiger has been of
great importance in India.
It has been mentioned in every myth, epic and literature.
The only place where Royal Bengal Tiger is found is the
land of natural heritage, India.
It also lives in Bangladesh, Nepal, India, Bhutan and in
Burma.
The Bengal Tiger is a powerful hunter with sharp teeth,
strong jaws, and an agile body.
The Bengal Tiger is the largest member of the cat family.
It is also the largest land-living mammal whose diet consists
entirely of meat.
Its length can measure up to 10 feet and has a weight
ranging from 180 to 260 kilos.
Indian
Peacock
The Peacock, Pavo cristatus (Linnaeus), is
the national bird of India.
It is symbolic of qualities like beauty, grace,
pride and mysticism.
The Peacock is a colourful, swan-sized bird,
with a fan-shaped crest of feathers, a white
patch under the eye and a long, slender neck.
The male of the species is more colourful
than the female, with a glistening blue breast
and neck and a spectacular bronze-green
train of around 200 elongated feathers it is
able to expand its tail erect like fan as
ostentatious display.
The female is brownish, slightly smaller than
the male, and lacks the train.
The elaborate courtship dance of the male,
fanning out the tail and preening its feathers
is a beautiful sight.