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Chapter 28 p. 797-807 Quiz AP World History Version A 1. Which of the following was not a factor in starting World War I? A) Nationalism B) Weakening of the Ottoman Empire C) Competition for resources in colonial territories to fuel ongoing technology development D) Alliances and interactive military plans E) The Monroe Doctrine 2. In the early twentieth century, the Ottoman Empire was referred to as the A) “sick man of Europe.” B) “Turkish Colossus.” C) “Evil Empire.” D) “Threat from the East.” E) “Scarlet Knights.” 3. What was one of the fundamental weaknesses limiting the development of military strategy in Europe? A) Mobilization was dependent on railroads rather than individual motor vehicles. B) Proximity of nations to one another in forming alliances C) Lack of a common currency to pay war debts D) Conflicting political ideology regarding constitutional monarchies E) The role of women in the workplace 4. The early-twentieth-century system of alliances pitted the British, French, and Russians against A) the Japanese, Italians, and Germans. B) the Ottomans, Italians, and Chinese. C) Austria-Hungary, Japan, and Poland. D) Germany, Italy, and Austria-Hungary. E) Syria, Egypt, and Germany. 5. Which of the European nations was least prepared to go to war? A) Germany B) Russia C) France D) England E) Austro-Hungary 6. Most European nations thought the war that started in 1914 would A) be won by the fastest-moving army and the boldest general. B) be long and costly. C) end with little expense. D) help unite the classes. E) be won by slow perseverance. 7. A unique aspect of the Western Front was A) that only swords were “legal,” so no guns were used. B) the three-hundred-mile-long line of armies from Switzerland to the North Sea. C) that women made up a small percentage of the German fighting force. D) that there was very little loss of life. E) the German use of “blitzkrieg” on the battlefield. 8. A new and potent defensive weapon in World War I was A) the automatic pistol. B) poison gas. C) napalm. D) the helicopter. E) the machine gun. 9. The most significant naval battle of the Great War was the A) Battle of the Marne. B) Battle of the Boyne. C) Battle of Jutland. D) Sinking of the Lusitania. E) Sinking of the Titanic. 10. Which of the following was true of wartime food rationing? A) The diets of the German poor improved. B) The diet of the German population was limited to one thousand calories per day. C) Food scarcity led to widespread cannibalism in Europe. D) Civilians' diets remained completely unchanged while prisoners of war were starved. E) Many Americans starved. 11. During World War I, African Americans in the United States A) faced even greater discrimination than previously. B) were restricted to agricultural work. C) were not allowed in the armed forces. D) migrated north in vast numbers from the South. E) gained equality with whites. 12. The Ottoman Turks signed a secret alliance with A) the United States, hoping to gain Filipino territory. B) Germany, hoping to gain Russian territory. C) Japan, hoping to gain Chinese territory. D) France, hoping to gain Italian territory. E) Russia, hoping to gain Austrian territory. 13. The policy decision that most affected future relations between the Jewish and Palestinian settlers was embodied in A) the Balfour Declaration. B) the Treaty of Brest Litovsk. C) the Zimmerman Telegram. D) the Dreyfus Affair. E) the Doctors' Conspiracy. 14. Who was the leader of the Zionist movement? A) Max Planck B) Albert Einstein C) Claude Shannon D) Henry Zion E) Theodore Herzl 15. The February Revolution in Russia was led by A) Vladimir Lenin. B) Alexander Kerensky. C) Grigory Kornilov. D) Leon Trotsky. E) Rosa Luxemburg. 16. Vladimir Lenin was the leader of the A) Bolsheviks. B) Mensheviks. C) Social Revolutionaries. D) Provisional Government. E) Young Turks. 17. Which of the following was not included in Lenin's plan for Russia? A) Immediate surrender to Germany B) Transfer of land to the peasants C) A return to agrarian society D) A transfer of all power to the soviets E) Transfer of factories to the workers 18. In the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, Russia A) won territories from the defeated Germans. B) gained considerable territory from Turkey. C) lost territory, including Poland and Finland. D) ended its horrific civil war. E) secretly planned to reenter the war. 19. Deaths in World War I numbered between ________ million. A) 4 and 5 B) 8 and 10 C) 15 and 17 D) 20 and 22 E) 45 and 50 20. The most preferred destination for refugees after the war was A) France, which suffered immense casualties and had an open door immigration policy. B) the United States, which had immigration quotas. C) New Zealand, which had a low population. D) Palestine, which was opened for Zionist settlement. E) Canada, because it was largely agricultural. 21. Which of the following was not one of the elements in the Treaty of Versailles that angered Germany? A) The infamous “guilt clause” B) The amount of reparations it had to pay C) The loss of territory it sustained D) High tariffs enacted by the allies E) Elimination of the German air force 22. How did the Bolsheviks win the civil war in Russia after World War I? A) By enlisting the aid of Great Britain in overthrowing the tsar B) By using democratic elections to stabilize the Duma C) By forcing the tsar to fight a duel with Lenin D) Through the military leadership of Leon Trotsky and the Red Army E) Lenin resigned to get both sides to make peace. 23. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was formed by A) joining Russia and the Soviet Ukraine. B) allying Russia, Georgia, and Lithuania. C) uniting Russia, Siberia, and Kazakhstan. D) unifying all communist provinces. E) a United Nations mandate. 24. Lenin's New Economic Policy in 1921 A) created “labor brigades” to run factories. B) gave government full control of agriculture. C) allowed private ownership of land and all but the largest businesses. D) made the economy part of the military. E) outlawed the Christian church. 25. The Communist Party of the Soviet Union planned to pay for industrialization by A) collecting taxes on agricultural production. B) raising tariffs on all imports. C) bleeding wealth from neighboring territories. D) squeezing the peasants. E) getting large loans from the World Bank. 26. What were the significant differences between contenders for control of the Communist Party after Lenin's death in 1924? A) Stalin wanted to focus on communism's establishment in Russia as “socialism in one country.” B) Trotsky argued for the continuation of the NEP. C) Stalin wanted an alliance with Germany and Italy because fascism seemed the best way to industrialize Russia rapidly. D) Trotsky advocated maintaining an alliance with China, convinced that an Eastern Bloc of Communism could overthrow the industrialized West. E) There was no significant difference in policies; it was a personal rivalry between Stalin and Trotsky. 27. The German crisis of 1923 was marked by A) Germany's attempts to rebuild its military. B) German reoccupation of Alsace and Lorraine. C) the British military takeover of Berlin. D) Germany recklessly printing money, causing inflation. E) confiscation of church property by German authorities. 28. In 1900, China's population was A) 100 million. B) 400 million. C) 500 million. D) 700 million. E) 1 billion. 29. Japan had A) very few natural resources and little arable land. B) many natural resources and little arable land. C) very few natural resources and abundant arable land. D) many natural resources and abundant arable land. E) a small and unmotivated population. 30. The main beneficiaries of Japan's prosperity in this period were the zaibatsu, who were A) farmers. B) young men and women of the cities. C) large corporations. D) the politicians and military. E) the wealthy former nobles. 31. What was the result of the Boxer Rebellion of 1900? A) All foreign powers fled China, creating a power vacuum. B) Western powers and Japan captured Beijing and demanded payments. C) The Boxers overthrew the Dowager Empress Cixi. D) The Communists captured Beijing and Hong Kong. E) Opium was finally eradicated from China. 32. Which of the following is not an indication of China's lack of modernization? A) The classical exam system for administration B) A huge population growth that was not supportable C) Lack of agricultural changes D) Heavy taxation E) Fear of electricity 33. What was the mandate system? A) The League of Nations members divided a percentage of wealth generated by all colonies. B) Colonial rulers administered territories but were held accountable to the League of Nations. C) Colonialism was eliminated. D) Colonies were incorporated into various nations with all the rights and liabilities of ordinary citizens. E) An immigration system of guest workers was designed to supply the former colonizers with inexpensive laborers. 34. In 1923, Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk) turned Turkey into A) a sultanate. B) an Islamic state. C) a secular republic. D) a Communist state. E) a “mega-state” through its merger with Greece. 35. After the Ottoman Empire collapsed following the First World War, the modern Turkish state A) was particularly harsh toward women's rights. B) instituted many progressive reforms. C) found security in embracing Islamic tradition. D) clung closely to traditional Turkish customs. E) returned to feudalism. 36. Egypt in the 1920s A) had “phony” independence instead of official British colonialism. B) was finally independent of British influence. C) remained a British mandate. D) seized control of the Suez Canal from Britain. E) had become one of the dominant world powers. 37. Which of the following did not result when far more Jewish immigrants than anticipated arrived in Palestine? A) The British tried to limit Jewish immigration. B) Jewish settlers were smuggled in by militant Zionists. C) The country was torn by strikes and guerilla war. D) Britain was hated by both sides and much of the Arab world. E) The unauthorized immigrants were deported. 38. In the 1920s, women's lives A) hardly changed at all. B) changed more than in any previous decade. C) changed, but only for the better. D) changed, but only in negative ways. E) became shorter than at any time in history. 39. Before the twentieth century, what was the only nation in which women had the right to vote? A) Norway B) Germany C) England D) New Zealand E) Turkey 40. The new social sciences in the 1920s were unsettling because they A) supported ideas of Western superiority. B) seemed to reinforce bourgeois values. C) invariably led to communism. D) challenged Victorian morality and middle-class values. E) caused the Great Depression. 41. Who was the famous French sociologist who proclaimed, “There are no religions that are false. All are true in their own fashion.” A) Charles Edouard Jenneret B) Max Planck C) Theodore Herzl D) Amelia Earhart E) Emile Durkheim 42. Which of the following transformed the landscape of western Europe and North America more than any other development? A) The automobile B) Dams and irrigation projects C) The telegraph D) New factories and industries E) Street lights 43. Which was not one of the significant parts of Wilson's fourteen-point plan to end the war? A) German evacuation of occupied lands B) Autonomy for nationalities under Ottoman rule C) Forfeiture of all German agricultural lands D) Formation of an association of nations to ensure the independence and territorial integrity of all states E) Inclusion of local populations to settle territorial disputes 44. These innovations, including Albert Einstein’s theory of relativity, the development of quantum mechanics, and the emergence of the big bang theory, transformed human understanding of the natural world during the 20th century. 45. This event occurred in 1918 as a result of internal factors, such as civic unrest, and external factors, mainly the empire’s defeat during WWI and its occupation and partitioning by the victors. After a war of independence, Turkey emerged as a successor state in 1923. 46. This revolution took place in two parts in 1917. In February of that year, the last Romanov tsar was removed from power. A second uprising in October installed the communist Bolsheviks as the country’s leaders. 47. This event occurred in 1911 as a result of mounting internal and external pressures, such as ineffective leadership, declining food levels, and the Boxer Rebellion. Revolutionaries led by Sun Yat-sen installed a new Republic of China in place of the old imperial system. 48. This Jewish nationalist movement supports the continued establishment of a Jewish state, Israel, in Palestine. 49. This form of war, employed during both World War I and World War II, relies on the use of ideologies such as fascism, nationalism, and communism, to mobilize all of a nation’s resources to wage war. It also involves not just soldiers, but a country’s citizens as well. 50. This conflict, fought from 1914 to 1918, pitted the Allied Powers (led by Italy, France, Great Britain, and later the United States) against the Central Powers ( led by Germany). This war employed new techniques such as trench warfare and home front efforts to involve a nation’s complete populace in the conflict. 51. This international organization was created by the Treaty of Versailles following World War I and was first envisioned by Woodrow Wilson in his 14 points. 52. This process places a nation or nations under the political and economic control of another, stronger power. 53. This ideology glorifies war and the role of the military within society. 54. This treaty, signed in 1919, ended WWI. The treaty forced harsh reparations on Germany and redrew the map of Europe; no country was particularly satisfied with its terms. The treaty is often cited as a cause of WWII. 55. This plan encompassed Woodrow Wilson’s goals for the Treaty of Versailles that included selfdetermination of nations, peace without victory, disarmament, fair treatment of colonial peoples, and the creation of the League of Nations. 56. This Russian revolutionary founded the Bolshevik party and led the Russian Revolution in 1917 with a promise of “Peace, Land, Bread.” After the revolution, he became the first head of the Soviet Union. 57. This Chinese leader, known as the Father of Modern China, helped overthrow the Qing Dynasty and served as the nation’s leader from 1911-12 and 1923-25. He promoted the Three Principles of the People-nationalism, democracy, and socialism-as a way to govern China.