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Internet censorship in the United States - Cyber Intelligence Sharing and
Protection Act (CISPA)
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In February 2013 the bill was reintroduced
in the
House.[http://www.informationweek.com/s
ecurity/cybercrime/cispa-cybersecurity-billreborn-6-key-fa/240148600 CISPA
Cybersecurity Bill, Reborn: 6 Key Facts],
Mathew J
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Internet censorship in the United States - Cyber Intelligence Sharing and
Protection Act (CISPA)
CISPA is supported by several trade groups
containing more than eight hundred private
companies, including the Business Software
Alliance, CTIA – The Wireless Association,
Information Technology Industry Council, Internet
Security Alliance, National Cable
Telecommunications Association, National
Defense Industrial Association, TechAmerica and
United States Chamber of Commerce, in addition
to individual major telecommunications and
information technology companies like ATT,
Facebook, IBM, Intel, Oracle Corporation,
Symantec, and Verizon
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Cispadane Republic
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The 'Cispadane Republic' () was a shortlived French client republic|republic
located in northern Italy, founded in 1796
with the protection of the French army, led
by Napoleon I of France|Napoleon
Bonaparte. In the following year, it was
merged into the Cisalpine Republic. These
were French client states organized by
Napoleon after the Battle of Lodi in May
1796.
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Cispadane Republic
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The congress proclaimed that the four
provinces would form the Repubblica
Cispadana and invited other Italian
populations to join them
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Cispadane Republic
According to its constitution, the
Republic was governed by a directory
based on the French Directory; it had a
bicameral parliament composed of a
Council of Sixty and a Council of Thirty,
and was divided into French
departments|departments and
Commune (France)|municipalities. On 9
July 1797, the Cispadane Republic united
with the Transpadane Republic to form
the Cisalpine Republic.
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Dutch Ruppersberger - CISPA
CISPA passed the House of
Representatives on April 26,
2012.http://clerk.house.gov/evs/2012/roll1
92.xml It was reintroduced into the House
on February 13, 2013, and passed on April
18, 2013, by a bipartisan vote of 288-127
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Cisplatine War
The 'Cisplatine War' was an armed
conflict over an area known as Banda
Oriental or the Eastern Strip (roughly
present-day Uruguay) in the 1820s
between the United Provinces of the
Río de la Plata and the Empire of Brazil
in the aftermath of the United
Provinces' emancipation from Spain.
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Cisplatine War - Background
José Gervasio Artigas|Artigas was finally
defeated by the Luso-Brazilian troops in 1820
at the Battle of Tacuarembó. The Portuguese
Empire (formally the United Kingdom of
Brazil, Portugal and Algarves since 1815)
then formally annexed the Eastern Bank,
under the name Cisplatina|Cisplatine
Province, with support from local elites. With
the annexation, the Portuguese Empire now
enjoyed strategic access to Río de la
Plata|Silver River and control of the estuary's
main port, Montevideo.
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Cisplatine War - Background
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After Brazilian independence, in 1822, the
Cisplatina|Cisplatine province became part
of the Empire of Brazil. It sent delegates to
the 1823 Constitutional Convention and,
under the 1824 Constitution, enjoyed a
considerable degree of autonomy, more so
than other provinces of the Empire.
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Cisplatine War - Aftermath
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The stalemate in the Cisplatine War was
caused by the inability of the Argentine
and Uruguayan land forces to capture
major cities in Uruguay and
Brazil,SCHEINA, Robert L
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Cisplatine War - Aftermath
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Given the high cost of the war for both sides
and the burdens it imposed on trade between
the United Provinces and the United
Kingdom, the latter pressed the two
belligerent parties to engage in peace
negotiations in Rio de Janeiro. Under British
and French mediation, the United Provinces
of Silver River and the Empire of Brazil
signed the 1828 Treaty of Montevideo, which
acknowledged the independence of the
Cisplatine Province under the name
Uruguay|Eastern Republic of Uruguay.
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Cisplatine War - Aftermath
In Brazil, the loss of the Cisplatine
Province added to growing discontent with
Emperor Pedro I. Although it was far from
the main reason, it was a factor that led to
his abdication in 1831.
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Banda Oriental - Provincia Cisplatina (1817-1828)
By the mid-1820s, the Thirty-Three
Orientals led a revolution against its
successor state (the Brazilian Empire),
igniting the Cisplatine War
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Brazilian Navy - Cisplatine War and rebellions (1825–49)
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The Navy blocked the estuary of the Río
de la Plata hindering the contact of the
United Provinces (as Argentina was called
back then) with the Cisplatine rebels and
the outside world
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Cisplatina
In 1828, following the Treaty of
Montevideo (1828)|Treaty of
Montevideo, the Cisplatine Province
became independent as Uruguay.
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Cisplatina - History
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In 1821, the Provincia Oriental del Río de
la Plata (present-day Uruguay), was
annexed by Brazil under the name of
Província Cisplatina. Brazil justified the
incorporation of the province through the
general acclamation of an Assembly of
Eastern notables on 18 July 1821.
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Cisplatina - History
The borders of Cisplatina were: on the
east the Atlantic Ocean, on the south the
Rio de la Plata, on the west the Uruguay
River and on the north the Cuareim river
until la Cuchilla de Santa Ana. This means
that territories previously belonging to the
Provincia Oriental had been annexed to
the jurisdiction of Rio Grande do Sul.
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Cisplatina - History
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[His Imperial Majesty] (...) cannot enter
with the one of Buenos Aires in
negotiations that have as fundamental
base the cession of the Cisplatino
State, whose inhabitants do not have to
leave.
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Cisplatina - History
This led to the 500-day Cisplatine War.
Despite the Argentine victory in the battle
of Ituzaingó, neither side gained the upper
hand, and in 1828 the 1828 Treaty of
Montevideo|Treaty of Montevideo,
fostered by the United Kingdom, gave
birth to Uruguay as an independent state,
and – more importantly to planned British
goals – established the international
status of the Rio de la Plata, so that
international commerce was easier to
accomplish.
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Luís Alves de Lima e Silva, Duke of Caxias - Cisplatine War and father's betrayal
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Brazil declared war, triggering the
Cisplatine War
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Luís Alves de Lima e Silva, Duke of Caxias - Cisplatine War and father's betrayal
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The war came to a disastrous end in 1828,
as Brazil relinquished Cisplatina, which
became the independent nation of
Uruguay
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