Download Unit 10 TEACHER

Unit 10 Imperialism
Pg. 86 in Notebook
Industrialization and the World Economy
The Great Migration
Western Imperialism
The Response to Western Imperialism
For the May TestNEED TO KNOW
• Old Imperialism (16th c & 17th c) VS. New
Imperialism (1870)
– Scramble for Africa
• Mass Politics
– Paris Commune, Dreyfus Affair (pg. 842) , The
Irish Question (843-844), Germany, Russia and the
Revolution of 1905 (pg. 837)
For the May TestNEED TO KNOW
• The “New Woman”
– Gouges, Wollstonecraft, John Stuart Mill, Henrik
Ibsen -> Know all four names, their beliefs and the
works they did.
– “The Angel in the House”
– Economic Changes for Women
Why did countries “Imperialize”
• Industrialization and the World
Economy
– The Rise of Global Inequality
• Gap between Europe, North America and nonindustrialized regions- Africa, Asia, Latin
America
• Gap between Britain and Europe- product of
industrialization
• 1945 and third world countries economic gains
• West science and capitalism vs. economic and
political
– The World Market
• World Trade 1913 and 1800- interlocking
economy
• Britain and trade to link world
– Common Wealth and Decolonization
– Colonies and tariffs
– Free trade and stimulation of world economy
• Trade Patterns- Railroads, steamships,
refrigeration and other technologies
• Suez and Panama Canal- intercontinental
trade
• European Investment
– Exported Capital- US, Canada, Australia, New
Zealand, Latin America (ports and railroads)
– Natives and imperialism
– The opening of China and Japan
• European trade with China with force
– China and Qing Dynasty regulation of trade
– British Merchants and Chinese over opium and
European ports
– Means the END of Dynasty rule (dynastic rule) in
China: Republic of China founded.
– The Opium War 1839-1842
» British acquire Hong Kong
» Opium trade and new world silver/silk
» Treaty of Nanking
» Second Opium War 1856-1860
» Chinese trade ports under western control
» Beginning of the “Century of Humiliation”
• Japan and unwilling to trade
– Isolationism
– Dutch and China (Dutch studies)
–
–
–
–
Americans and manifest Destiny
Oliver Perry 1853 and American Fleet
Foreign influence
Japanese technology
– Western Penetration of Egypt
• Muhammad Ali and Egyptian modernization
• Turkish held territory
– Reformed government, improved communication, and
drafted peasants
– Peasants and cash crops
• Ismail and Egyptian modernization
–
–
–
–
Suez canal
European Investment
Britain and French banks
British occupation until 1956
• The Great Migration
– 1815-1932 and European Migration
– Pressure of Population
• Migration patterns differing countries
• 1900-1910 migration
• United States and European migration
– European Migrants
• Peasants and no threat to industrialization
• Desire for Freedom- Jews and Russia
– Young Unmarried and many returned home
– Italian Migrants
• Family ties
• Privileged class
– Asian Migrants
• Exploited laborers
• Asian migration and America- Railroads
• Whites only laws
• Western Imperialism
– The New Imperialism
• Political and economic control over foreign
nations
• Tensions among European states and wars
with non-European powers
• World powers and colonialism
– Scramble for Africa
• African Exploration
• South African and Afrikaners
–
–
–
–
Whites and land/gold
Boer War 1899-1902
Union of South Africa
White minority Afrikaners
• British Occupation of Egypt
– Suez Canal
• Belgian occupation of Congo
– Leopold II of Belgium
• Race for colonies and other European
powers
Pg. 87 in notebook
• What is the
overall message of
this cartoon?
• Use the examples
from the
Imperialism
Reading to support
your thesis.
• Berlin Conference 1884-1885
–
–
–
–
Laid grounds for New Imperialism
European claims for Africa
Based on military occupations
No single country could claim Africa
• Germany and race for colonies
– Cooperated with France against Britain
– Lake Chad
• British under Kitchener
– Muslim massacre
– Omdurman
– War with France
WRITE ALL OF THIS DOWN!
– Imperialism in Asia
• The Dutch in The East Indies
• French Indochina
• Russian and United States in Asia
– Russia into central Asia
– United States took Philippines and Spain
– Causes of the New Imperialism
• Economic Motives
• Political and diplomatic factors
– National security
– Military purposes
– International prestige
The Balkan Question
Congress of Berlin 1881
• Nationalism, Racism, Social Darwinism
– Germany and racial superiority
– Special Interest groups and military men
– Western technological development
» Machine Gun
» Steamship
» Quinine
» Telegraph
– Suppression of social problems
– Diversion of attention
• Critics of Imperialism
–
–
–
–
J. A. Hobson and Capitalism
Social Darwinist
Double Standard- Liberty and Equality at home
Discrimination and oppression in colonies
Francis Galton
Thomas Malthus
Herbert Spencer
• Response to Western Imperialism
– Imperialism threatened traditional society
• Traditionalist and old culture and society
• Modernizers believed it was necessary to adopt
western practices
• Anti-Imperialism and Western Liberalism
– Empire in India
• Jewel of British Empire- British East India
Company- 1848
• Great Rebellion 1857-1858
–
–
–
–
White Elite and Indian Rule and Racial superiority
Indian elite and British administration
Imperialism and Indian Unity
Western educated Indian elite and nationalism
– Japan
•
•
•
•
•
Feudal society and Emperor
Shogun and Shogunate Rule
Foreigners in Japan and anti-foreign ideals
Japan and the West
Meiji Restoration 1867
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
American intrusion
Treaties with the west
Modernizers and old state
Social equality
Freedom of movement
Government stimulated economy
Powerful Navy and reorganized army
• German example for Japan
• Japan and Far East power- Korea and Russia
– Toward Revolution in China
• 1860’s and Qing Dynasty
• China Qing Rulers- Post Opium Wars
– Traditional rulings and leaders
– Foreign aggression and European help
• Sino Japanese War- 1894-1895
– Defeat by Japan
– Imperialistic penetration in China
– Chinese Weakness
• Boxer Rebellion 1900-1903
• Revolutionary modernizers overthrew
Qing 1912
– Pu yui and the last emperor
Olympe de Gouges
(1748-1793)
• French playwright, political activist, and early
feminist
• Wrote the Declaration of the Rights of Woman
and Female Citizen, 1789
• Demanded that French women be given the
same rights as French men
Mary Wollstonecraft
(1759-1797)
• English author and early feminist
• Wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Women,
1792
• Argued that women are not naturally inferior
to men. They only appear inferior because of a
lack of education
John Stuart Mill
(1806-1873)
• English reformer, essayist, and influential
Utilitarian
• Wrote the Subjection of Women, 1869
• Opposed the social and legal inequalities
imposed on women. Argued that inequalities
were a relic from the past and “a hindrance to
human development”
Henrik Ibsen
(1828-1906)
• Norwegian playwright and social critic
• Wrote A Doll’s House, 1879
• Criticized conventional marriage roles
An Angel in the House
• The idea that middle class woman was an
“angel in the house” Her most important roles
was to be the family’s moral guardian
• Middle class women were expected to
supervise the domestics, manage the
household, and direct the children’s education
• Rising standards of living made it possible for
men and women to marry at a younger age.
• But, rising cost of child-rearing caused decline
Economic Changes for Women
• Most were single, few married women work
outside of the home
• By mid-1850’s, women and children made up
half of the labor force in cotton industry.
• Paid half of a man’s salary for similar work
Economic Changes for Women
• Opportunities limited to teaching, nursing and
social work
• After 1800, many working class women were
clerks, typists and telephone operators
Struggle for Legal and
Political Rights
• In Europe, most women left out of legal rights
• Divorce legalized (Britain 1857 and France
1884) but Catholic countries (Spain and Italy)
do not allow
• Women’s suffrage movement got wide spread
attention, but achieved few successes.
• In 1900, no women allowed to vote in any
European country.