Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Renaissance A rebirth of European culture that started in Italy – spirit of inquiry – rediscovery of classical learning – improvements in painting and architecture Alliance System Sought to preserve balance of power but dragged their members into World War I Totalitarianism A government that controls all aspects of life – government, military, schools, and other organizations. Armenians Christians in the Ottoman Empire who faced genocide in World War I Gupta Empire Peace, Prosperity and Trade – The Golden Age of Hindu Culture Thomas Aquinas Natural laws based on reason Aztec Civilization Highly complex society in Central Mexico Used unique agricultural techniques – including floating gardens Balkans Spark that ignited World War I; and, ethnic cleansing by Serbs in 1990’s Theocracy A society governed by religious leaders – Present day Iran is an example. William Blackstone Rights of Individual Bolsheviks “Peace, Bread and Land” – Russian Revolution William Wilberforce Reformer who led the fight to abolish the slave trade and slavery. Napoleon Bonaparte French general who seized power, declared himself emperor and conquered much of Europe. Buddhism Four Noble Truths and Eightfold Path John Calvin • • • • New Protestant Church Predestination Faith as key to salvation Strict moral code Archimedes Greek who studied levers and pulleys Winston Churchill British Prime Minister during World War II – “We shall never surrender.” Globalization Global economy through communications, transportation and trade Columbian Exchange Exchange of products and ideas between Native Americans and Europe African Salt/Gold Trade Sahara Desert merchant caravans exchanged salt for gold English Civil War War between Parliament and Charles I over supremacy Black Death Disease carried by fleas on rats that killed millions of people in Europe Atomic Bomb Hiroshima and Nagasaki Hammurabi’s Code Earliest written law code of the Babylonians – promoted justice, but treated social classes differently Nicolas Copernicus Believed Earth orbited the Sun – Banned by The Church Crusades War to recapture the Holy Land from Muslims – Led to increased trade between Europe and the Middle East. Free Enterprise System Free actions of producers and consumers – supply and demand – determine economic questions Justinian’s Code of Laws In Byzantium, Justinian collected all Roman laws and organized them into a single code Adolph Hitler Nazi Party leader of the German totalitarian state prior to and during World War II Marie Curie First woman to win Nobel Prize radioactivity Cold War 20th Century conflict between U.S. and U.S.S.R. – never directly engaged each other in open warfare Darfur Sudan – acts of genocide Declaration of the Rights of Man French Revolution – consent of the governed and protection of rights. Ming Dynasty • Followed the Mongols • Moved China’s capital to Beijing • Ruled for 300 years of peace and prosperity Byzantine Empire Eastern Roman Empire - Constantinople Albert Einstein Time and Space are Relative Thomas Edison American Inventor – light bulb, phonograph and motion pictures. Ottomans •Turkish nomads from Central Asia •Ruled the Islamic world of the 13th century •Conquered Constantinople in 1453 Elizabeth I • Shared power between monarchy and Parliament • Defeated the Spanish Armada Robert Boyle “Father of Chemistry” English Bill of Rights Signed by William and Mary agreeing to many rights for English subjects Enlightenment Thinkers questioned hereditary privilege and absolutism Eratosthenes Greek who showed that the Earth was round and calculated its circumference Voltaire Enlightenment thinker; Views on religious toleration and intellectual freedom influence leaders of the American and French Revolutions. Limited Monarchy Monarch shares power with Parliament Genocide Murder of an entire group of people or nationality – Holocaust, Rwanda, Darfur, Kosovo European Imperialism European economic control of Africa, Asia and the Pacific Korean War 1950’s – Communist North Korea invaded South Korea – United States and United Nations intervened Símon Bolivar Independence in South America Wilson’s 14 Points • Goals announced by U.S. President Woodrow Wilson • Created the League of Nations Jean Jacques Rousseau •Enlightenment Philosopher •Government should follow the will of the people •Inspired the French Revolution Confucianism Filial Piety = Respect for elders and order Israel In 1948, the U.N. partitioned Palestine into 2 states – Israel and Palestine. Five neighboring Arab nations declared war on Israel. Hinduism • Reincarnation • Many gods and goddesses • Karma and Dharma French Revolution Overthrew monarchy and ended hereditary privilege Galileo Galilei • Confirmed the Earth traveled around the Sun • Was tried and convicted by The Church Manorialism Economic system of feudal Europe – self-sufficient manors Vietnam War War between Communist North Vietnam and U.S. supported South Vietnam. Started with the Viet Cong launching guerilla warfare against South Vietnam. Mohandas Gandhi • Leader of Indian independence movement • Non-violent • Passive resistence Mikhail Gorbachev Soviet reformer led to the election of non-Communist governments in Eastern Europe and dissolution of the U.S.S.R. Great Depression Devastating economic downturn in the 1930’s Monarchy System of government in which political power is inherited. Karl Marx Believed workers would eventually overthrow their capitalist bosses. Fascism Intense nationalism and belief in an all-powerful militaristic leader Glorious Revolution Overthrow of James II of Britain and the placement of William and Mary on the throne. They agreed to a Bill of Rights. Han Dynasty Silk Road Civil service examinations Paper and Ceramics Beginning of Pax Sinica Mauryan Empire Emperor Asoka converted to Buddhism Improved roads, build hospitals, and encouraged education. Las Madres de la Playas de Mayo Argentine mothers who demanded the government reveal the whereabouts of children who mysteriously disappeared in the 1980’s. Terrorism Acts of violence against innocent civilians such as hijacking planes and attacking schools to make demands on a hostile government. Commercial Revolution From local economies to Mercantilism Greek Civilization Major contributions to art, architecture, philosophy, literature, drama, and history Thomas Hobbes Man is “nasty and brutish” and need an authority to keep order – Wrote Leviathan Holocaust Genocide of Jews and others by Nazis in World War II Hundred Years’ War • War between England and France over succession to the French throne • Brought an end to feudalism Monotheism Belief in one God Shared by Judaism, Christianity and Islam Inca Civilization Pre-Columbian civilization in Andes Mountains Industrial Revolution Began in England Moved production from home to factory and from hand to machine John Paul II • Popular 20th Century Pope • Helped end Communism in Eastern Europe League of Nations • Proposed by Woodrow Wilson • Created by the Treaty of Versailles • Failed to stop war Great Schism Split in Catholic Church with two Popes Caused many to question the authority of The Church John Locke • Power comes from consent of the governed • People have the right to overthrow abusive government • Two Treatises of Civil Government Magna Carta In 1215, King John of England guaranteed right to a trial by jury and consent of a council of nobles needed for any new taxes. Christianity Based on teachings of Jesus as the Son of God Forgiveness, Mercy, Sympathy for Poor Islam Founded by Muhammad Five Pillars of Faith One God – Allah Share wealth between rich and poor Mayan Civilization Pre-Columbian civilization in Guatemala and Yucatan Builders and creators of a numbering system Golda Meir First woman Prime Minister of Israel Human Rights Rights that all people possess Militarism Civilians adopt military values and goals and become over-reliant on military advisors – led to the outbreak of World War I Scientific Revolution Rejected traditional teaching of the Church Introduced the Scientific Method – observing nature and testing hypotheses Nelson Mandela • Imprisoned for speaking out against apartheid • South Africa’s first black President Baron de Montesquieu • Separation of Powers – Executive, Legislative, and Judicial • Wrote The Spirit of Laws Printing Press •Johann Gutenberg •Movable type •Helped spread the ideas of the Protestant Reformation Nationalism •Each nationality is entitled to its own government and homeland •A cause of World War I Neolithic Revolution When people learned how to plant and grow crops, and herd animals Isaac Newton Discovered laws of gravity Universe acts according to certain “fixed and fundamental” laws Protestant Reformation Led by Martin Luther – Many Christians left the Catholic Church for Protestant Churches Pythagoras Greek mathematician - Advances in geometry Qin Dynasty •Qin Shi Huangdi – China’s first emperor •Unified China, built roads and canals •Constructed the Great Wall to protect the empire Radical Islamic Fundamentalism Reaction by radical Muslims against Western values Seek to return to strict Islamic values and rules Normandy Landing Largest amphibious assault in history - Allied troops landed at Normandy to retake France from the Nazis Roman Civilization Absorbed Greek learning – known for engineering skills, rule of law, and The Rise of Christianity October Revolution of 1917 •Revolution in 1917 •Bolsheviks seized power in Russia •Russia became a Communist nation Oligarchy Rule by a few, powerful people. Panama Canal Built by the United States in Mesoamerica to provide a short water route between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans Louis Pasteur Scientist found that most diseases are caused by germs Developed new vaccines Pasteurization = killing germs by heating. Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941 – surprise attack by Japanese on the U.S. fleet in Hawaii that brought the U.S. into World War II Fall of the Roman Empire In 476 – Rome was overrun by invading barbarian tribes Followed by the Dark Ages – a period of great turmoil in Europe Rwanda African nation that experienced genocide against its Tutsi population by the Hutus. September 11, 2001 Al-Qaeda terrorists hijacked commercial airliners and crashed them into the Pentagon and the World Trade Center, killing thousands of Americans. Benito Mussolini •Italian leader during World War II •Fascist state – controlled the press, abolishing unions, and outlawing strikes Natan Sharansky •Russian dissident •Founder of Refusenik Movement •Imprisoned for speaking out for human rights in USSR Sikhism Religion developed in Northern India Sikhs believe in one God who can only be known through meditation Silk Road Trade route connecting China to the Roman Empire. China exported silk, porcelain and tea. Adam Smith Wrote Wealth of Nations Attacked mercantilism Promoted competition and the division of labor and free market system Republic A system of government by representatives. Socialism Government should pass laws to stop abuses of workers and should even take over some businesses Hedeki Tojo Led the Japanese government during World War II Convinced the emperor to launch a surprise attack on the United States Zhou Dynasty Zhou rulers justified their rule by the Mandate of Heaven – If a ruler was selfish and ruthless, Heaven would overthrow him. Popular Sovereignty Ultimate power rests on the consent of the people being governed. Trench Warfare During World War I, ditches were dug to create fortified positions. World War II Most destructive conflict in history Killed an estimated 70 million Launched when Hitler invaded Poland in 1939. Song Dynasty Period of great social and economic progress in China First use of paper currency and standardized coins Mao Zedong •Chinese Communist leader who drove Nationalists out of China. •Great Leap Forward •Cultural Revolution Suez Canal Provided a shorter route from Europe to East Africa, India, and East Asia. Served as a lifeline between Britain and its colonies, especially India. Tang Dynasty Suppressed peasant uprisings, Reunited China, Revived feudal relationships and brought peace and prosperity. Atlantic Slave Trade Margaret Thatcher First woman elected Prime Minister of Great Britain Tiananmen Square Chinese students were fired on by tanks while leading peaceful demonstrations for personal freedom and democracy. United Nations Began in 1945, It’s purpose is to maintain world peace and encourage cooperation among nations. Versailles Treaty Treaty between Allied Powers and Germany that ended World War I. Joseph Stalin Communist leader following Lenin; Purged government of his opponents; Established a totalitarian state; Resisted Hitler and started the Cold War Queen Victoria Monarch who doubled Britain’s size and favored social reforms. Lech Walesa Polish union leader who organized the Solidarity Movement. Led a workers’ strike that led to free elections and the end of Communist rule in Poland. World War I Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand set off a chain reaction that involved most nations of Europe and later, the United State. Indira Gandhi First Woman Indian Prime Minister -- was assassinated in 1984. James Watt Scottish inventor who improved the steam engine and made steam power available to run factories and machines. Arms Race Race to develop better weapons – U.S. vs. U.S.S.R. Ten Commandments Commandments in the Jewish religion prohibiting stealing, murder and other forms of immoral behavior. Al-Qaeda Formed by Osama bin Laden Napoleonic Wars •Wars between Napoleon of France and the rest of Europe •Spread the ideals of the French Revolution Mother Teresa Catholic nun who devoted her life to helping the poor and homeless in India Awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.