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Review For Test II England • The Commonwealth – Puritan Republic – Oliver Cromwell • Lord Protector – Instrument of Government – Jamaica – 1655 – Sugar Plantations • Slave Trade – Navigation Acts • Charles II – Restored: • Monarchy • House of Lords • Anglican Church – Religious Toleration • The Test Act – Transubstantiation • Carolina – Lord Proprietors • New Amsterdam – New York England & Netherlands • James II – Catholicism – Declaration of Indulgence • The Glorious Revolution – William III and Mary II • Bill of Rights – Rulers subject to law – Govern with Parliament’s consent • Toleration Act of 1689 – Legalized Protestantism – Roman Catholicism outlawed • Act of Settlement of 1701 – House of Hannover – “Century of strife” • The Quaker Colonies • William III – Stadtholder of the Netherlands • United Provinces of the Netherlands – – – – Urbanization Agriculture Shipbuilding Empire France & Prussia • Cardinal Mazarin • Frondes • Louis XIV – The Sun King • Divine Right of Kings – Bishop Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet • Absolutism • Local vs. National • Palace of Versailles • Jean Baptiste Colbert – Economic Reform – S. Domingue / Haiti • Brandenburg-Prussia – Hohenzollerns – Frederick William • “The Great Elector” – Centralization • Royal Bureaucracy • Army Late 1600s, Early 1700s • The Nine Years War – 1688-1697 – King Williams War – League of Augsburg/Grand Alliance • Charles II of Spain • Phillip of Anjou – Phillip V of Spain • War of Spanish Succession – – – – 1701-1714 John Churchill Queen Anne’s War Treaty of Utrecht (1713) / Treaty of Rastatt (1714) • Changing Rulers – Anne of England/Great Britain • Acts of Union - 1707 – George I of Britain – Sir Robert Walpole • First Prime Minister – Louis XV of France • Favorites – Madame de Pompadour – Emperor Charles VI – Pragmatic Sanction • Maria Theresa – Frederick I of Prussia • First King – Frederick William I of Prussia • Military Expansion Late 1600s, Early 1700s • Peter I (The Great) of Russia – – – – – – The Grand Embassy Westernization Table of Ranks The Holy Synod New Military Azov • The Great Northern War – (1700-1721) – Battle of Poltava • The War of Jenkins’ Ear – British Smuggling – Robert Jenkins • War of Austrian Succession – – – – Maria Theresa of Austria Frederick II of Russia King George’s War Treaty of Aix-la-Chappelle • Diplomatic Revolution – Convention of Westminster – Bourbons & Hapsburgs Seven Year War and Enlightenment • The Seven Years War • European Campaign – Frederick II “The Great” of Prussia – Treaty of Hubertusberg • India Campaign – The Third Carnatic War • North American Campaign – The French and Indian War – William Pitt the Elder – Battle of Quebec • Treaty of Paris (1763) • The Enlightenment • The Philosophes – Voltaire • Satire • Candide – Montesquieu • The Persian Letters • Spirit of the Laws • The Encyclopedia – Denis Diderot – Jean le Rond d’Alembert • Deism – Monarch vs. Divine Watchmaker The Enlightenment • Mercantilism Vs. Laissez Faire La Nature • Adam Smith – Wealth of Nations • Slave Trade – Portuguese and Spanish • 16th century – Dutch • 17th Century – English and French • 18th Century – Conditions – Barbados Slave Code - 1661 – View of the Enlightenment • Jean-Jacques Rousseau – The Social Contract – General Will – Education • Émile • Mary Wollstonecraft – A Vindication of the Rights of Woman • The Salon • Enlightened Absolutism – Frederick II of Prussia – Joseph II of Austria – Catherine II of Russia Prologue to The American Revolution • Sugar Act (tariffs on sugar, coffee, wines) • Stamp Act (newspapers, documents, etc.) – Stamp Act Congress • Townshend Acts (glass, lead, paints, paper, and tea) • The Boston Massacre • Tea Act – Boston Tea Party • Intolerable Acts – Coercive Acts • The Boston Port Act • The Administration of Justice Act • The Massachusetts Government Act – Quebec Act – Quartering Act • First Continental Congress – Philadelphia • Battles of Lexington and Concord American Revolution / French Revolution • Battle of Saratoga – Turning Point – French Alliance • Battle of Yorktown – – – – General Washington Comte de Rochambeau De Grasse General Cornwallis • The Treaty of Paris of 1783 • Louis XVI – Weak and Indecisive – Queen Marie Antoinette • Estates General – Clergy – Nobility – Everyone else • Cahiers de Doléances • National Assembly – Third Estate • Tennis Court Oath French Revolution • Storming of the Bastille • The Great Fear - August 4, 1789 – Renunciation of feudal rights, dues, and tithes • Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen – Statement of the principles that would guide the writing of a new constitution • The Parisian Women’s March • Constitution of 1791 • Émigrés – Artois - the King’s younger brother • Declaration of Pillnitz – Leopold II of Austria – Frederick William II of Prussia The French Revolution • Jacobins – Republic – Girondists – The Mountain • The Convention – French Republic • The Sans-Culottes – Goals: • relief from food shortages • government price controls • end to social inequality – Alliance with the Mountain • Execution of Louis XVI • War with Europe • The Committee for Public Safety – Jacques Danton – Maximilien Robespierre – Lazare Carnot • The Levée en Masse The French Revolution • The Reign of Terror – – – – De-Christianization Revolutionary Tribunals Robespierre takes control Law of 22 Prairial • Fall of Robespierre – Speech to the Convention – Arrest & Execution • The Thermidorian Reaction • The Directory • Napoleon Bonaparte – Treaty with Austria – Egypt • The Coup d'état – Abbé Siéyès • Consulate – Napoleon - First Consul – Official end of French revolution Napoleonic Age • Napoleonic Code (Civil Code of 1804) – Abolition of privileges of birth – Appointment by merit – Labor and Family issues • Empire – New constitution – Coronation • Napoleon in America – Haitian Revolution • Civil War / Slave Revolt • Boukman Dutty • Toussaint L’Ouverture – Louisiana to US • War at Sea – Battle of Trafalgar – Lord Horatio Nelson • Continental War – Austria – Prussia – Russia • Treaty of Tilsit • Continental System – The Berlin and Milan Decrees – Britain Napoleonic Age • War of 1812 – Britain vs. US – Invasion of Canada – Battle of New Orleans • Fall of Napoleon’s Empire – Guerilla Warfare in Spain • Wellesley (Duke of Wellington – Campaign in Russia • Winter – Battle of Nations • Leipzig • Congress of Vienna – Monarchies – Combined kingdoms • Piedmont-Genoa-Sardinia • Netherlands-Belgium – Issue over Poland • Hundred Days • Battle of Waterloo – Napoleon – Wellesley – Blucher Industrial Revolution & “isms” • Industrialization – Great Britain – Steam engine – Thomas Newcomen – James Watt • Steam powered locomotive – George Stephenson • Proletarianization • English Factory Act - 1833 • US – Samuel Slater • “Father of American Factory System” – Eli Whitney • Interchangeable Parts • Classical Economics – Limit Government Intervention – Thomas Malthus • Essay on the Principle of Population • Romanticism • Rousseau • Theories on Education – Immanuel Kant • The Critique of Pure Reason • The Critique of Practical Reason – Romantic writers • Goethe – Faust • Methodism – John Wesley • Marxism – Karl Marx – Friedrich Engels – Communist Manifesto Restoration and Revolution • Bourbon Restoration – – – – – France Louis XVIII The Charter Ultraroyalists Revolution in Spain • Russia – Decembrist Revolt – Moscow Regiment – Nicholas I • Greek Revolution – Treaty of London • France – – – – Charles X Four Ordinances July Revolution Louis Phillipe • Belgium – Convention of 1839 • Britain – The Great Reform Bill – End of Slavery – Opium Wars The Americas • Rio de la Plata / Argentina – Jose de San Martin • Gran Columbia / Venezuela – Simon Bolivar • Caudillos – Juan Manuel de Rosas • Mexico – Augustin de Iturbide • Brazil – Dom Pedro (Pedro I) – Emperor of Brazil • US – – – – – Expansion Texas Oregon California The Mexican-American War • Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Year of Revolutions • France – February Revolutions – June Days - Second Republic – Louis Napoleon • First Modern Dictator • Napoleon III • Second Empire • Hapsburgs – Vienna • End of Serfdom – Hungary & Bohemia – Italy • First Italian War of Independence • Prussia/Germany – The Frankfurt Parliament • Results – Serfdom – Universal Male Suffrage Imperialism & Rise of Nation States • China – Taiping Rebellion – Hong Xiuquan • The Opening of Japan – Matthew C Perry – Meji Reforms • India – Sepoy Revolt – The Great Game • Ottomans – Tanzimat Era • The Crimean War – Russia vs. Ottomans – Britain, France, Piedmont – War correspondents and photographers – Treaty of Paris 1856 • Italian Unification – Camillo Cavour – Second Italian War of Independence – Victor Emmanuel II Rise of Nation States • Russian Reform – Alexander II – Emancipation of the Serfs – Zemstvos • Mexico - Benito Juarez – La Reforma • The French Invasion – Napoleon III – Austrian Archduke Maximillion • US Civil War – Regional Differences – Emancipation Proclamation • German Unification – Otto von Bismarck • The Danish War (1864) – Schleswig-Holstein • The Austro-Prussian War (1866) – “Seven-Weeks War” – North German Confederation • The Hapsburg Empire – Loss of territory – Ausliech – Dual monarchy Rise of Nation States • Britain – Victorian Age – The Second Great Reform Bill • Canada – The British North American Act – The Dominion of Canada – John A. Macdonald • Crisis in Spain – Prince Leopold of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen • Telegram to Bismarck – Edited version • The Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871) – Southern German states – Unified German Empire – Alsace and Lorraine • France – Paris Commune • First Communist Revolution?