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16.01 Q
Slavery was a key element of:
1. the first two periods of European contact with the
rest of the world
2. the first period of European contact with the rest
of the world
3. the first three periods of European contact with
the rest of the world
4. all four periods of European contact with the rest
of the world
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
16.01 A
Slavery was a key element of:
1. the first two periods of European contact with the
rest of the world
2. the first period of European contact with the rest
of the world
3. the first three periods of European contact with
the rest of the world
4. all four periods of European contact with the rest
of the world
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
16.01 E
EXPLANATION:
Slavery was a key element of:
1. the first two periods of European contact with
the rest of the world
A fundamental element in the first two periods of European imperial
ventures in the Americas was the presence of slavery. By the
eighteenth century, the slave population of the New World
consisted almost entirely of a black population that had either
recently been forcibly imported from Africa or born to slaves
whose forebearers had been forcibly imported from Africa. Both
the forced migration of so many people from one continent to
another and the mid-Atlantic plantation economies that such
slave labor supported were unprecedented in history.
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
16.02 Q
1.
2.
3.
4.
Saint Lawrence River Valley and the Ohio and
Mississippi River valleys were part of the:
French overseas empire
British overseas empire
Dutch overseas empire
Spanish overseas empire
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
16.02 A
1.
2.
3.
4.
Saint Lawrence River Valley and the Ohio and
Mississippi River valleys were part of the:
French overseas empire
British overseas empire
Dutch overseas empire
Spanish overseas empire
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
16.02 E
EXPLANATION:
Saint Lawrence River Valley and the Ohio and
Mississippi River valleys were part of the:
1. French overseas empire
The French domains covered the Saint Lawrence
River valley and the Ohio and Mississippi
River valleys. They included the West Indian
islands of Saint Domingue (modern Haiti on
the western part of Hispaniola), Guadeloupe,
and Martinique, and also stations in India and
on the West Coast of Africa
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
16.03 Q
1.
2.
3.
4.
The heart of eighteenth-century French-British
rivalries in the Americas was:
Newfoundland
the West Indies
Quebec
the Mississippi River Valley
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
16.03 A
1.
2.
3.
4.
The heart of eighteenth-century French-British
rivalries in the Americas was:
Newfoundland
the West Indies
Quebec
the Mississippi River Valley
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
16.03 E
EXPLANATION:
The heart of eighteenth-century French-British
rivalries in the Americas was:
2. the West Indies
The heart of the eighteenth-century colonial
rivalry in the Americas lay in the West Indies.
These islands, close to the American
continents, were the jewels of the empire. The
West Indies raised tobacco, cotton, indigo,
coffee, and, above all, sugar, for which there
existed huge markets in Europe.
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
16.04 Q
1.
2.
3.
4.
The War of the Spanish Succession placed what
family on the Spanish throne?
the British Hanoverians
the Austrian Habsburgs
the Spanish Habsburgs
the French Bourbons
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
16.04 A
1.
2.
3.
4.
The War of the Spanish Succession placed what
family on the Spanish throne?
the British Hanoverians
the Austrian Habsburgs
the Spanish Habsburgs
the French Bourbons
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
16.04 E
EXPLANATION:
The War of the Spanish Succession placed what
family on the Spanish throne?
4. the French Bourbons
The War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714)
and the Treaty of Utrecht (1713) replaced the
Spanish Habsburgs with the Bourbons of
France on the Spanish throne.
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
16.05 Q
1.
2.
3.
4.
Inhabitants of the New World who were born in
Spain were known as:
cajuns
creoles
peninsulares
encomiendas
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
16.05 A
1.
2.
3.
4.
Inhabitants of the New World who were born in
Spain were known as:
cajuns
creoles
peninsulares
encomiendas
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
16.05 E
EXPLANATION:
Inhabitants of the New World who were born in
Spain were known as:
3. peninsulares
The late-eighteenth-century Bourbon reforms stimulated
the imperial economy. Trade expanded and became
more varied. These reforms, however, also brought the
empire more fully under direct Spanish control. Many
peninsulares (persons born in Spain) entered the New
World to fill new posts, which were often the most
profitable jobs in the region.
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
16.06 Q
1.
2.
3.
4.
Black slaves had the fewest legal protections in:
Spanish areas
Portuguese areas
French areas
British areas
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
16.06 A
1.
2.
3.
4.
Black slaves had the fewest legal protections in:
Spanish areas
Portuguese areas
French areas
British areas
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
16.06 E
EXPLANATION:
Black slaves had the fewest legal protections in:
2. Portuguese areas
The life conditions of plantation slaves differed
from colony to colony. Black slaves living in
Portuguese areas had the fewest legal
protections.
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
16.07 Q
1.
2.
3.
4.
The War of Jenkins’s Ear was fought between:
Britain and Spain
Spain and France
Austria and the Netherlands
Britain and the Netherlands
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
16.07 A
1.
2.
3.
4.
The War of Jenkins’s Ear was fought between:
Britain and Spain
Spain and France
Austria and the Netherlands
Britain and the Netherlands
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
16.07 E
EXPLANATION:
The War of Jenkins’s Ear was fought between:
1. Britain and Spain
In 1731 there was a fight on an English vessel while the Spanish were
looking for contraband. The Spaniards cut off the ear of an
English captain named Robert Jenkins. This incident was of little
importance until 1738, when Jenkins appeared before the British
Parliament, reportedly brandishing his ear as an example of
Spanish atrocities to British merchants in the West Indies. The
British merchant and West Indian planters lobbied Parliament to
relieve Spanish intervention in their trade.
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
16.08 Q
1.
2.
3.
4.
The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle ended the:
War of Jenkins’s Ear
Seven Years’ War
War of the Austrian Succession
War of the Spanish Succession
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
16.08 A
1.
2.
3.
4.
The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle ended the:
War of Jenkins’s Ear
Seven Years’ War
War of the Austrian Succession
War of the Spanish Succession
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
16.08 E
EXPLANATION:
The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle ended the:
3. War of the Austrian Succession
The War of the Austrian Succession ended in a
stalemate in 1748 with the Treaty of
Aixla-Chapelle. Prussia retained Silesia, and
Spain renewed Britain’s privilege from the
Treaty of Utrecht (1713) to import slaves into
the Spanish colonies.
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
16.09 Q
1.
2.
3.
4.
Much credit for Britain’s success in the Seven
Years’ War should be given to:
Robert Walpole
George III
William Pitt the Elder
George Grenville
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
16.09 A
1.
2.
3.
4.
Much credit for Britain’s success in the Seven
Years’ War should be given to:
Robert Walpole
George III
William Pitt the Elder
George Grenville
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
16.09 E
EXPLANATION:
Much credit for Britain’s success in the Seven
Years’ War should be given to:
3. William Pitt the Elder
The architect of Britain’s victories was William Pitt the Elder (1708–
1778), a person of colossal ego and administrative genius. North
America was the center of Pitt’s real concern. Put simply, he
wanted all of North America east of the Mississippi for Great
Britain, and that was what he won. Pitt’s colonial vision,
however, extended beyond the Saint Lawrence valley and the
Great Lakes basin. Never had Great Britain or any other
European power experienced such a complete worldwide military
victory.
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
16.10 Q
1.
2.
3.
4.
The British drive to increase their revenue from
the North American colonies began with the
passage of the:
Declaratory Act
Sugar Act
Intolerable Acts
Townshend duties
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
16.10 A
1.
2.
3.
4.
The British drive to increase their revenue from
the North American colonies began with the
passage of the:
Declaratory Act
Sugar Act
Intolerable Acts
Townshend duties
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
16.10 E
EXPLANATION:
The British drive to increase their revenue from
the North American colonies began with the
passage of the:
2. Sugar Act
The British drive for revenue began in 1764 with the
passage of the Sugar Act under the ministry of George
Grenville (1712–1770). The measure attempted to
produce more revenue from imports into the colonies
by the rigorous collection of what was actually a
lower tax.
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
16.11 Q
1.
2.
3.
4.
Thomas Paine is most famous for having
written:
The Rights of Free Men
A Response to the Intolerable Acts
Common Sense
An Almanac for Americans
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
16.11 A
1.
2.
3.
4.
Thomas Paine is most famous for having
written:
The Rights of Free Men
A Response to the Intolerable Acts
Common Sense
An Almanac for Americans
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
16.11 E
EXPLANATION:
Thomas Paine is most famous for having
written:
3. Common Sense
During the winter, Thomas Paine’s (1737–1809)
pamphlet Common Sense galvanized public
opinion in favor of separation from Great
Britain.
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
16.12 Q
1.
2.
3.
4.
The North Briton was published by:
William Pitt the Younger
John Wilkes
Lord Bute
All of the above
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
16.12 A
1.
2.
3.
4.
The North Briton was published by:
William Pitt the Younger
John Wilkes
Lord Bute
All of the above
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
16.12 E
EXPLANATION:
The North Briton was published by:
2. John Wilkes
In 1763 began the affair of John Wilkes (1725–
1797). This London political radical and
member of Parliament published a newspaper
called The North Briton. In issue number 45,
Wilkes strongly criticized Lord Bute’s
handling of the peace negotiations with
France.
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
16.13 Q
1.
2.
3.
4.
Christopher Wyvil organized the:
Campaign for Reform of Parliament
New America Movement
Yorkshire Association Movement
first abolitionist movement
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
16.13 A
1.
2.
3.
4.
Christopher Wyvil organized the:
Campaign for Reform of Parliament
New America Movement
Yorkshire Association Movement
first abolitionist movement
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
16.13 E
EXPLANATION:
Christopher Wyvil organized the:
3. Yorkshire Association Movement
In northern England in 1778, Christopher Wyvil
(1740–1822), a landowner and retired clergyman,
organized the Yorkshire Association Movement.
Property owners, or freeholders, of Yorkshire met in a
mass meeting to demand moderate changes in the
corrupt system of parliamentary elections. They
organized corresponding societies elsewhere.
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
16.14 Q
Mercantilists regarded:
1. bullion as the measure of a nation’s wealth
2. the volume of trade as the measure of a nation’s
wealth
3. the size of the army as the measure of a nation’s
wealth
4. the amount of land under cultivation as the
measure of a nation’s wealth
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
16.14 A
Mercantilists regarded:
1. bullion as the measure of a nation’s wealth
2. the volume of trade as the measure of a nation’s
wealth
3. the size of the army as the measure of a nation’s
wealth
4. the amount of land under cultivation as the
measure of a nation’s wealth
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
16.14 E
EXPLANATION:
Mercantilists regarded:
1. bullion as the measure of a nation’s wealth
Economic writers believed the mercantilism
system necessary for a nation to gain a
favorable trade balance of gold and silver
bullion. They regarded bullion as the measure
of a country’s wealth, and a nation was truly
wealthy only if it amassed more bullion than
its rivals.
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.