Download Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex

Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex
Bovine respiratory disease complex (BRD) is a multifactorial
disease due to interactions between viruses, bacteria and
physical, psychologic, physiologic, and environmental stress
factors. In uncomplicated viral infections, the signs are
subclinical,
and
in
severe
cases,
a
bacterial
bronchopneumonia and/or fibrinous pneumonia are always
present.
Clinical Symptoms
High fever (42.2oC), especially when the ambient
temperature is high, dry muzzle, nasal discharge, and as the
disease progresses inappetence, dyspnea with extended head
and opening mouth breathing are observed. The distribution
of the lesion is usually anteroventral.
Treatment and Prevention
Management
Drug treatment
 Procaine penicillin G, 22,000 IU/kg, IM or SC q 24 h for
3 to 5 days or benzathine penicillin or other repository
preparations q 48-72 h. For S/E, C/I, D/I, D/F and W/P,
see page 14
or
 Amoxicillin trihydrate 11 mg/kg, IM, SC q 24 h, for 5
days.
 S/E: in calves diarrhea and malabsorption.
 C/I: hypersensitivity reaction to penicillins and
cephalosporins; disrupts rumen flora.
 D/F: powder; 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.5, 20, 70 and 75%
 W/P: meat 25 hrs; milk 96 hrs
or
 Oxytetracycline hydrochloride 11 mg/kg, SC q 24h for 3
days; LA formulations, 20 mg/kg, IM, q 48 h continued for
at least 2 days after the rectal temperature has returned to
the normal range. S/E, C/I, D /F, D/I, see page 14.
 W/P: meat 16 days; milk 84 hours
or
 Sulfadimethoxine
Initial dose: 60 mg/kg; maintenance dose: 30 mg/kg, IM, q
24 h for 3-4 days.
 W/P: milk 5 days
 Precautions: maintain an adequate water intake.
or
 Spectinomycin dihydrochloride pentahydrate, 33 mg/kg,
SC, q 8 h for 5 days. S/E,C/I, D/I, D/F, & W/P see page
20
or
 Tylosin 44 mg/kg, IM, q 24 h for 5-7 days. For S/E, C/I,
D/I, D/F & W/P see page 35
or
 Ceftiofur sodium 2.2 mg/kg IM, SC q 12 h
 S/E: Hypersensitivity reactions, potential nephrotoxicity
 W/P, meat nil; milk 72 h
Note: Early treatment is usually effective; it should be
continued 2 days after the clinical signs subside. Bronchoand fibrous-pneumonia due to Pasteurella and A. pyogenes is
usually resistance to dihydrostreptomycin and erythromycin,
and always resistant to tylosin.
Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia (CBPP)
This highly contagious pneumonia of cattle is caused by
Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides (small colony
type) and transmitted to susceptible cattle by aerosol. The
disease is prevalent mainly in pastoralist areas of Ethiopia
with up to 10% prevalence.
Clinical Symptoms
Fever (41.5°C), anorexia, difficult breathing, grunt at
expiration, cough when forced to move, standing with the
elbows apart, and arched back and the head extended. A
quarter of the animals may recover but remain carriers, and
50% die of infection. Subclinical cases occur and may be
important sources of infection.
Diagnosis
Clinical signs, the complement fixation test and its
characteristic marble appearance of the lung in dead animals.
Treatment and Prevention
Management
Non drug treatment
 Culling sick animals is preferred; however, treatment may
be indicated if this option is not worth.
Drug treatment
Treatment is not recommended, because animals remain
carriers after treatment; however, treatment could be
attempted in valuable animals.
 Tylosin 10 mg/kg, IM, q 12 h for 3-5 days. For S/E, C/I,
D/F, D/I, W/P, see page 35
or
 Oxytetracycline 10 mg/kg, IM, for 5 days. For S/E, C/I,
D/I, D/F and W/P: see page 14
Prophylaxis
 Vaccination