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AP WORLD REVIEW:
TIME PERIOD
CHARACTERIZATIONS
Ms. Sheets University High School
AP WORLD TIME
PERIODS
• Foundations (8,000 BCE – 600
BCE)
• Classical (600 BCE – 600 CE)
• Post-Classical (600 CE – 1450 CE)
• Early Modern (1450 CE – 1750 CE)
• Modern (1750 CE – 1900 CE)
• Contemporary / Global (1900 CE –
Present)
TIME PERIOD
DIVISIONS
• Foundations (8,000 BCE – 600
BCE)
•
Creation of stable classical empires
• Classical (600 BCE – 600 CE)
•
Collapse of Classical Societies & Creation
of Islam
• Post-Classical (600 CE – 1450 CE)
•
Collapse of Byzantium & prior to
Columbus
• Early Modern (1450 CE – 1750 CE)
•
Prior to Revolutions of 18th century
(French, American) & Industrialization
• Modern (1750 CE – 1900 CE)
•
Prior to WWI and global growth of
nationalism
• Contemporary / Global (1900 CE –
Present)
FOUNDATIONS
8000 BCE – 600 BCE
• Chapter 1: Human Prehistory
and Early Civilizations
Foundations: Major Themes
• Hunter-gatherers (disadvantages)
• Neolithic Revolution + agriculture (advantages)
• Civilization
• Characteristics
• River Valley Civilizations
• Egypt
• Mesopotamia
• Sumer
• Babylon
• Indus River Valley
• Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro
• Huang He River Valley
• Xia (fictional?), Shang
• Little to no expansion
• Limited interaction if living outside major civs
CLASSICAL
600 BCE – 600 CE
• Chapter 2: Classical China
• Chapter 3: Classical India
• Chapter 4: Classical Greece and
Rome
• Chapter 5: Classical Declines
Classical Period: Major Themes
• China: Zhou, Qin, Han
• India: Mauryan, Gupta
• Mediterranean: Greece, Etruscans, Rome
• Similarities:
• Major religions/ideologies develop
• Massive territorial expansion
• Integrate new territories (ex: China and Rome)
• Iron tools and weapons
• Connection occurs through trade primarily (Silk Road)
• Exception:
• Alexander the Great and Bactria (Mauryan India)
• China and entrance of Indian Buddhism
Classical Period: Major Themes
• Late Classical Period
• Collapse of empires
• Turn to religion or ideology in time of chaos
• Buddhism (Siddhartha Gautama)
• Hinduism (Vedic texts)
• Christianity (Bible)
• Confucianism (Confucius, Analects of Confucius)
• Legalism (Shi Huangdi)
• Daoism (Lao Tzu)
Color Coded History: Foundations and Classical
ORANGE
Color Coded History: Foundations and Classical
ORANGE
POST CLASSICAL
600 CE – 1450 CE
• Chapter 6: Rise of Islam
• Chapter 7: Abbasids and Spread of
Islam to S/SE Asia
• Chapter 8: Islam in Africa
• Chapter 9: Byzantium
• Chapter 10: Early Christian and
Middle Ages
• Chapter 11: Pre-Columbian America
• Chapter 12: Tang and Song
• Chapter 13: Sinification in Japan,
Korea, Vietnam
• Chapter 14: Mongols
• Chapter 15: Golden Age of
Exploration
Post-Classical Period: Major Themes
• According to Sterns
• 1st Realm (most developed, high interaction): Umayyads and
Abbasids; Sui, Tang, Song China; Byzantium
• 2nd Realm (trade raw materials for luxury goods; imitate
other cultures): Japan, Korea, Vietnam; Western Europe;
Russia; Sub-Saharan Africa
• 3rd Realm (no connection with 1 and 2): Americas
• Period begins with:
• Collapse of Classical Empires
• Rise and spread of Islam
• Major events:
• Spread of Christianity and Buddhism
• Silk Road (Esp. after 1000 CE  increased contact; rapid
transmission of culture and technology (paper, compass)
Post-Classical Period: Major Themes
• Period ends with:
• Mongols are gone
• Ming China closes China off
• Still strongest economy; greatest demand
• Middle East weak via Mongols
• Russia weak via Mongols
• Byzantium falls
• Western Europe grows with new technology from Asia
• Americas become weak prior to Columbus
Color Coded History: Post-Classical GREEN
Color Coded History: Post-Classical GREEN
EARLY MODERN
1450 CE – 1750 CE
• Chapter 16: The World Economy
• Chapter 17: Renaissance and
17 th -century Europe
• Chapter 18: Rise of Russia
• Chapter 19: Early Latin America
• Chapter 20: Atlantic Slave Trade
• Chapter 21: Ottomans; Mughals;
Safavids
• Chapter 22: Ming China and
Tokugawa Japan
Early Modern Period: Major Themes
• Columbian Exchange
• Plants, animals, diseases  population effects
• Becomes Triangular Trade
• Altered World Economy
• Mercantilism  utilize colonies
• Atlantic Slave Trade
• Gunpowder Empires (new weaponry)
• Ottomans; Mughals; Safavids
• Internal Changes in Empires
• Europe: Renaissance; Protestantism; Scientific Rev;
absolutism; exploration
• Russia: tsardom, copy West, retain uniqueness
• Japan: Tokugawa Shogunate; isolation
• China: Neo-Confucianism
Color Coded History: Early Modern
BLUE
Color Coded History: Early Modern
BLUE
MODERN
1750 CE – 1900 CE
• Chapter 23: Age of Revolution
and Industrial Revolution
• Chapter 24: European
Imperialism
• Chapter 25: 19 th -century Latin
America
• Chapter 26: Ottomans; Egypt;
Qing China
• Chapter 27: Industrialization in
Russia and Japan
Modern Period: Major Themes
• West’s military advantages  Imperialism
• Result of industrialization (cannon; repeating rifle;
machine gun, trains, steamships, improved medications)
• Think of: Opium War; Battle of Lepanto; Crimean War
• Not invincible: Battle of Adowa; Battle of Isandhlwana
• World Economy
• All societies must participate or West forces them to
(Opium War; Boxer Rebellion; Matthew Perry and Japan)
• Increasing capitalism
• High production of raw materials
• Marxism
• Reaction to West (Resist/traditional or acceptance?)
• Social Darwinism
• Military reforms (Tanzimat, Self-Strengthening, Meiji)
• Education (Russia; Dutch Studies in Japan)
Modern Period: Major Themes
• Revolutions
• American (1776); Haitian (1804); French (1789); Latin American
(19th-c)
• New philosophies/rights  complicates colonies
• Industrial Revolution
• CELL; 1st and 2nd Revolution; social and cultural results
• Abolition
• New ideologies (Enlightenment, moral principles)
• Britain takes lead
• Wage-laborers
• Nationalism
• By 1914, nationalism almost everywhere
• Begins in West (Italy, Balkans, Germany)  ultimately used by nonWest to protest against West
• 19th-c Globalization
• Telegraph; steamship; consumerism; Suez and Panama Canal; Firstwave Feminism
Color Coded History: Modern
YELLOW
Color Coded History: Modern
YELLOW
GLOBAL
1900 CE - PRESENT
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Chapter 28: WWI
Chapter 29: Interwar Period
Chapter 30: WWII
Chapter 31: Cold War
Chapter 32: 20 th /21 st c. Latin
America
Chapter 33: Independence in
Asia, Africa, Middle East
Chapter 34: Mao’s China and
the Pacific Rim
Chapter 35: End of Cold War
Chapter 36: Globalization
Global Period: Major Themes
• Decline of West’s Power
• Decolonization
• Complicated World Economy
• Neocolonialism (Danger of single-export)
• War over resources: Iran-Iraq War; Persian Gulf War
• Communism vs. Capitalism
• China; Pacific Rim; Sub-Saharan Africa added
• Population Growth
• 1914 to present: 3x
• Struggle to provide resources; public health; food
• Technology
• Radio; telephone; cell phone; satellite; air travel; internet
Global Period: Major Themes
• Wars
• WWI; WWII; Chinese Civil War; Vietnam War; Korean War
• Revolutions
• Social upheaval: growing middle class
• Chinese Rev (1911); Mexican Rev (1910); Russian Rev (1917)
• Empire and Monarchies end
• Fascism; authoritarianism  Democratization in 70s/80s
• Cultural Change
• Consumerism; Coca-cola-nization
• Rejection: Religious fundamentalism
• Gender
• Traditions remain: Birth control
• Second-wave Feminism; constitutional equality
• Globalization
Color Coded History: Global RED
Color Coded History: Global RED