Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Blood transfusion wikipedia , lookup
Autotransfusion wikipedia , lookup
Schmerber v. California wikipedia , lookup
Plateletpheresis wikipedia , lookup
Blood donation wikipedia , lookup
Jehovah's Witnesses and blood transfusions wikipedia , lookup
Hemorheology wikipedia , lookup
Men who have sex with men blood donor controversy wikipedia , lookup
IPHY 3430 9-29-11 Review session this Thursday, 7:30 Regulation of respiration Homeostatically regulated variables: P02, PCO2, and pH Why pH? H20 + CO2 ---> H2CO3 ---> HCO3- +- H+ Sensors: chemoreceptors in carotid and aorta, plus more in the brain (central chemoreceptors). Most sensitive to: PCO2 and pH Least sensitive to: PO2 Input to medulla from Pons Apneustic Center prevents inspiratory neurons from being switched off, thus lengthening inspiration Pneumotaxic Center switches off inspiratory neurons, thus shortening inspiration These centers allow input from higher centers in the brain, plus probably some chemoreceptor input Output of Medulla: Dorsal respiratory group: motor control of inspiratory muscles for inhalation at rest Ventral respiratory group: motor control of inspiratory and expiratory muscles during exercise PreBötzinger complex (medulla): pacemaker activity for respiratory rhythm. Input to medulla (probably via pons) A. higher brain centers (talking, hold breath, etc) B. chemoreceptors in brain and periphery C. vagus input from stretch receptors in lungs (Hering-Breuer reflex) Regulation blood PCO2 blood pH, PO2 ---> chemoreceptors---> (pons-medulla) --> motor output --> rate and depth of breathing ---> alveolar PCO2 and PO2--> blood PCO2 and blood pH and PO2 Regulation blood PCO2 blood pH (PO2) ---> chemoreceptors---> (pons-medulla) --> motor output --> rate and depth of breathing ---> alveolar PCO2 and PO2--> blood PCO2 and blood pH (PO2)